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Teoria de Perturbações Invariantes de Calibre em ... - CBPFIndex

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on<strong>de</strong> escolh<strong>em</strong>osσ= x 0 e usamos que as partículas do fluido não perturbado são<br />

comóveis com as coor<strong>de</strong>nadas utilizadas.<br />

Daí obt<strong>em</strong>os<br />

[˜g µν (x 0 +ξ) ∂(xµ 0 +ξµ ) ∂(x0 ν+ξν )<br />

] 1<br />

2=<br />

[<br />

g µν (x 0 ) ∂xµ 0<br />

∂σ<br />

∂x0<br />

ν ] 1<br />

2<br />

[<br />

1+φ+ Ṅ<br />

∂σ N χ<br />

∂σ ∂σ<br />

+ ˙χ+ Ṅ<br />

N φχ+ ˙φχ+φ i χ i + 1 ¨N<br />

2 N χ 2 +φ ˙χ+ Ṅ<br />

N χ ˙χ− a N A i ˙χ i<br />

− 1 a 2<br />

2 N 2γ i j ˙χ i ˙χ j − 1 ]<br />

2 φ2 . (B.5)<br />

Por outro lado t<strong>em</strong>os<br />

√<br />

−g,α = 1 √<br />

−ggµν,α g µν<br />

2<br />

(B.6)<br />

√<br />

−g,αβ =<br />

√ −g<br />

2<br />

( 1<br />

2 g ρσ,βg µν,α g ρσ g µν + g µν,αβ g µν + g µν,α g µν ,β)<br />

, (B.7)<br />

que permite-nos calcular √ −˜g(x 0 +ξ).<br />

√ √ [<br />

−˜g(x0 +ξ)= g (0) (x 0 ) 1+φ− 1 2 ǫ+ Ṅ<br />

N χ+ 3ȧ a χ− 1 2 φ2 − 1 2 ǫφ+ 1 2 A iA i<br />

− 1 4 ǫ i jǫ i j + 1 8 ǫ2 + Ṅ<br />

N φχ− 1 Ṅ<br />

2 N ǫχ+3ȧ a φχ− 3 ȧ<br />

2 a ǫχ+ ˙φχ+φ i χ i<br />

− 1 2 γi j ǫ i j,k χ k − 1 Ṅȧ ˙ǫχ+3<br />

2 Na χ 2 3ȧ2<br />

+<br />

a 2χ2 + 1 ¨N<br />

2 N χ 2 + 3 ä<br />

]<br />

2 a χ 2 . (B.8)<br />

O jacobiano da transformação do sist<strong>em</strong>a <strong>de</strong> coor<strong>de</strong>nadas lagrangiano (a i ,λ)<br />

para o sist<strong>em</strong>a euleriano (x µ 0 +ξµ ) será<br />

[<br />

J(x 0 +ξ)= J 0 1+ ∂ξα 1 ( ∂ξ<br />

α<br />

∂x α+ 2<br />

) 2− 1<br />

∂x α 2<br />

]<br />

+ 1 2 χi ,iχ j , j+ ˙χχ i ,i−χ ,i ˙χ i − 1 2 χi , jχ j ,i<br />

∂ξ α ∂ξ β ]<br />

∂x β ∂x α = J 0<br />

[1+ ˙χ+χ i ,i<br />

(B.9)<br />

on<strong>de</strong> J 0 é o Jacobiano não perturbado.<br />

O produto √ −˜g(x 0 +ξ)J(x 0 +ξ) será<br />

√ [<br />

−˜g(x0 +ξ)J(x 0 +ξ)=<br />

√−g (0) J 0 1+φ− 1 2 ǫ+ Ṅ<br />

N χ+ 3ȧ a χ+ ˙χ+χi ,i− 1 2 φ2<br />

− 1 2 ǫφ+ 1 2 A iA i − 1 4 ǫ i jǫ i j + 1 8 ǫ2 + Ṅ<br />

N φχ− 1 Ṅ<br />

2 N ǫχ+3ȧ a φχ− 3 ȧ<br />

2 a ǫχ+ ˙φχ<br />

+φ i χ i − 1 2 γi j ǫ i j,k χ k − 1 Ṅȧ ˙ǫχ+3<br />

2 Na χ 2 3ȧ2<br />

+<br />

a 2χ2 + 1 2<br />

− 1 2 ǫ ˙χ+ Ṅ<br />

N χ ˙χ+3ȧ a ˙χχ+φχi ,i− 1 2 ǫχi ,i+ Ṅ<br />

+ ˙χχ i ,i−χ ,i ˙χ i − 1 2 χi , jχ j ,i<br />

]<br />

¨N<br />

N χ 2 + 3 ä<br />

2 a χ 2 +φ ˙χ<br />

N χχi ,i+ 3ȧ<br />

a χχi ,i+ 1 2 χi ,iχ j , j<br />

(B.10)<br />

117

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