Civil Engineering Project Management (4th Edition)

90 Civil Engineering Project Management
The advantage of employing an engineer who has to administer the contract
impartially is that both the employer and the contractor can expect their interests
to be dealt with fairly. Also when the contractor can expect fair payment
for extra work ordered or arising from some unforeseen trouble, his risks are
reduced, thus enabling him to submit his keenest prices. Both the employer and
the contractor can, however, challenge any decision of the engineer by taking
the matter in dispute to a conciliation procedure, adjudication, or to arbitration
for settlement.
Since the employer does not administer the contract he cannot issue an
instruction direct to the contractor, he can only request the engineer to do so.
But the engineer is bound by the terms of the contract, so if he finds he has no
power to implement the employer’s request, or thinks to do so would amount
to an unfair administration of the contract, then the employer has to put his
request direct to the contractor for settlement outside the terms of the contract.
This rarely happens, but as an example, if the employer wants the contractor to
stop working for a day so that he can bring a party of visitors on site to view
the construction, he has to seek the contractor’s agreement to this because the
engineer usually has no power to order this.
The engineer’s duties set out under the contract are extensive. Under the 7th
(measurement version) of the ICE conditions these duties include the following:
• Clause 5: explaining any ambiguity in the contract documents.
• Clause 7: issuing any further drawings or details needed for construction.
• Clause 12: confirming or deciding on any actions to overcome unforeseen
ground conditions should these be encountered.
• Clause 13: ensuring that the works are constructed in accordance with the
contract.
• Clause 14: checking that the contractor’s programme and his methods of
constructing the works comply with any specified needs and permit the
work to be finished without harm to the permanent structures.
• Clause 36: testing or witnessing tests on materials either during manufacture
or on the site, and (Clause 38) examining any work such as foundations
which will be covered as construction proceeds.
• Clause 41: fixing the date for commencement of the work and, (Clause 40)
ordering suspension of the work or part of it if this proves necessary.
• Clause 44: determining any extensions to the time allowed for completion
of the works and (Clause 48) certifying when completion has been achieved.
• Clause 51: ordering and (Clause 52) valuing variations to the works.
• Clause 52(4): keeping records of facts relating to any claims made by the
contractor and deciding the amount, if any, of extra payments due as a result.
• Clauses 55–57: measuring and valuing the works constructed.
• Clause 60: considering the amounts of interim and final payments to the
contractor and certifying those amounts as are in his opinion due.
• Clause 66: giving his decision on any disputes specifically referred to him;
such decisions being subject to adjudication or arbitration if not accepted
by the employer or the contractor.