Civil Engineering Project Management (4th Edition)
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82 <strong>Civil</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>Project</strong> <strong>Management</strong><br />
7.3 Site field personnel<br />
Section engineers carry out or organize the surveying and setting out work, and<br />
conduct any necessary technical tests. Initially there will be considerable work<br />
to do in site levelling, and setting out the main grid lines for the project. There<br />
will then be much detailed setting-out work to do, as required by the foremen<br />
on the works. Temporary works may have to be designed and set out, such as<br />
access roads, power lines, water supply lines, drainage, concrete foundations<br />
for the batching plant and cranes, and so on. In addition it is normally the job<br />
of the section engineer to record progress and keep progress charts up-to-date.<br />
On small sites, the job of sub-agent and section engineer may be combined.<br />
The plant manager holds a key position on site. His job can be onerous since<br />
construction work is held up if plant is not available due to breakdowns or failure<br />
to order in time. For sites in the UK and other developed countries much<br />
of the plant used on site is hired and kept in maintenance by the hirer. This<br />
requires constant liaison between the plant manager and the hire firms used.<br />
Where the contractor’s own plant is used, maintenance and repair of this will<br />
be needed. Assisting the plant manager will be fitters and welders and he<br />
will often have to get repairs done at times outside working hours when<br />
construction is not proceeding. He will also have to maintain power supplies<br />
to the site and its offices.<br />
A general foreman is widely employed on the many construction projects<br />
which are not too large for one person to control. He then acts as the agent’s<br />
right hand man for the execution of the work in the field, his duty being to<br />
keep the work moving ahead daily as the agent has planned it. He often has<br />
much authority on site, and any junior engineer who gets at cross purposes<br />
with him may find his days numbered. Such men are often astonishingly capable<br />
from their long experience of construction. For instance, their familiarity<br />
with soil characteristics may often enable them to judge by eye that some foundation<br />
or fill material is ‘no good’, long before a site engineer’s tests prove it<br />
so. He will have a knowledge of what machines can do, and the basic principles<br />
of surveying and levelling. At his best he is an all-round craftsman in the<br />
art of civil engineering construction, and many of the great constructions of<br />
the past owe their quality to the general foreman who took charge of their construction.<br />
The professional engineer can often learn much from him. On many<br />
civil engineering jobs the general foreman is the key outside person in charge<br />
of construction.<br />
The skilled men include reinforcement fixers, steel erectors, concreters, formwork<br />
carpenters, bricklayers, pipe jointers, crane and machine operators,<br />
miners and other trade specialists. The contractor will often have a small<br />
nucleus of experienced tradesmen in his permanent employment, getting<br />
additional tradesmen through the local employment office, or advertising<br />
for them. Specialist sub-contractors or labour-only gangs are now widely used to<br />
carry out specific trade work. Labour-only gangs are self-organizing groups of<br />
workers under their own foreman or gang leader. Quite often travelling gangs