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Nicene and Post-Nicene Church Fathers Series 2 - The Still Small ...

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STI Basilii Exameron, ?eet Is Be Godes Six Daga Weorcvm.<br />

“L’Hexaméron,” writes Fialon, “est l’explication de l’œuvre des six jours, explication<br />

souvent tentée avant et après Saint Basile. ‘Il n’est personne parmi les hommes, disait<br />

Théophile d’Antioche au deuxième siècle, qui puisse dignement faire le récit et exposer<br />

toute l’ecomomie de l’œuvre des six jours; eût il mille bouches et mille langues….Beaucoup<br />

d’ecrivains ont tente ce récit; ils ont pris pour sujet, les uns la création du monde, les autres<br />

l’origine de l’homme, et peut-être n’ont ils pas fait jaillir une étincelle qui fût digne de la<br />

vérité.’ 1362 Nous ne pouvons savoir ce que fut l’Hexaméron de Saint Hippolyte et nous ne<br />

savons guère qu’une chose de celui d’Origène: c’est qu’il dénaturait completement le récit<br />

mosaïque et n’y voyait que des allégories. L’Hexaméron de Saint Basile, par la pureté de la<br />

doctrine et la beauté du style, fit disparaitre tous ceux qui l’avaient précéde.” 1363 So, too,<br />

bishop Fessler. “Sapienter, pie, et admodum eloquenter istæ homilæ confectæ sunt; quædam<br />

explicationes physicæ profecto juxta placita scientiæ illius ætatis dijudic<strong>and</strong>æ sunt.” 1364<br />

On the other h<strong>and</strong> the prominence of the “scientiæ illius ætatis” is probably the reason why<br />

the Hexæmeron has received from adverse critics less favour than it deserves. “Diese letztern,”<br />

i.e. the Homilies in question, says Böhringer, “erlangten im Alterthum eine ganz<br />

unverdiente Berühmtheit….Die Art, wie Basil seine Aufgabe löste, ist diese; er nimmt die<br />

mosaische Erzählung von der Schöpfung Vers für Vers vor, erklärt sie von dem naturhistorischen<br />

St<strong>and</strong>punkt seiner Zeit aus, wobei er Gelegenheit nimmt, die Ansichten der griechischen<br />

Philosophen von der Weltschöpfung u. s. w. zu widerlegen, und schliesst dann mit<br />

moralischer und religiöser Nutz<strong>and</strong>wendung, um den Stoff auch für Geist und Herz seiner<br />

Zuhörer fruchtbar zu machen. Es braucht indess kaum bemerkt zu werden, dass vom<br />

naturwissenschaftlichen wie exegetischen St<strong>and</strong>punkt unserer Zeit diese Arbeit wenig Werth<br />

mehr hat.” <strong>The</strong> Three Cappadocians, p. 61. But in truth the fact that Basil is not ahead of<br />

the science of his time is not to his discredit. It is to his credit that he is abreast with it; <strong>and</strong><br />

this, with the exception of his geography, he appears to be. Of him we may say, as Bp.<br />

Lightfoot writes of St. Clement, in connexion with the crucial instance of the Phœnix, “it<br />

appears that he is not more credulous than the most learned <strong>and</strong> intelligent heathen writers<br />

of the preceding <strong>and</strong> following generations.” He reads the Book of Genesis in the light of<br />

the scientific knowledge of his age, <strong>and</strong> in the amplification <strong>and</strong> illustration of Holy Scripture<br />

by the supposed aid of this supposed knowledge, neither he nor his age st<strong>and</strong>s alone. Later<br />

centuries may possibly not accept all the science of the XIXth.<br />

1362 <strong>The</strong>ophilus of Antioch, ii. Ad Autolycum.<br />

1363 Étude sur St. Basile, 296.<br />

1364 Inst. Pat., Ed. B. Jungmann 1890.<br />

Introduction.<br />

252<br />

52

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