ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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CURRENT VEGETATION OF PINEYWOODS/INTRODUCTION 91 1994 and 2000 throughout the four National Forests in Texas and the Kisatchie National Forest in nearby Louisiana, largely as part of an effort to classify the National Forest lands into ecological units based on soils, topography, and potential natural vegetation (Turner et al. 1999). Multivariate statistical methods, including ordination (DCA—Detrended Correspondence Analysis (Hill & Gauch 1980; McCune & Medford 1997), cluster analysis (TWINSPAN, Hill 1979), and regression, were used to identify groups of sample plots with similar species composition and to correlate differences in species composition among plots with differences in measured soil and environmental variables. An ordination diagram resulting from one part of this analysis (Fig. 50) shows the relative position, on the basis of ground layer (herbs and seedlings) species composition, of 370 sample plots from the four National Forests and other public lands from the Texas Pineywoods and from nearby Kisatchie National Forest in climatically similar western Louisiana. Points plotted on the graph represent the sample plots. Those near each other have a similar vegetative composition while distant plots are dissimilar. Classification of the plots on the ordination diagram into the vegetation types shown was mainly accomplished with TWINSPAN cluster analysis. On any given site the observed natural plant community corresponded most strongly to a small number of environmental factors. These included topographic position (whether a site is located on an upland, lower slope, small stream, or river floodplain), soil nutrient levels (especially calcium and magnesium), soil texture (particularly among upland sites), fire regime (wherever prescribed burning was practiced), and among wet sites, the flooding FIG. 50/A DCA ORDINATION DIAGRAM (SEE TEXT FOR EXPLANATION) FOR 370 PLOTS BASED ON GROUND LAYER SPECIES COMPOSITION FROM THE TEXAS PINEYWOODS AND WESTERN LOUISIANA.POLYGONS SHOW A CLASSIFICATION OF THE PLOTS INTO VEGETATION TYPES LARGE- LY DERIVED FROM TWINSPAN CLASSIFICATIONS OF SEVERAL INDEPENDENT, SMALLER, LOCAL DATA SETS PRIOR TO THEIR BEING COMBINED FOR THE ORDINATION ANALYSIS (BY J.E. VAN KLEY).
92 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION OF PINEYWOODS regime (Evans 1997; Dehnisch 1998; Mundorf 1998; Van Kley & Hine 1998; Turner 1999; Van Kley 1999a, 1999b; and Turner et al. 1999). Species lists and environmental characters summarized for the sample plots in each of the analysis-derived vegetation types provided the majority of the information used to describe the specific Pineywoods ecological types presented below. Other sources are referenced. Figure 51 shows typical relationships between soils, topography and natural vegetation for selected ecosystem types on the Pineywoods landscape. FIG.51/RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOILS, TOPOGRAPHY, AND NATURAL VEGETATION FOR SELECTED EAST TEXAS PINEYWOODS ECOLOGICAL TYPES (BY J.E. VAN KLEY). DRY UPLANDS ON DEEP COARSE SANDS (XERIC SANDYLANDS)—Sometimes called “sandylands,” these areas are equivalent to the “xeric sandylands” of MacRoberts et al. (2002b), the “grossarenic dry uplands” of Turner et al. (1999), the “sandhill pine forests” of Marks and Harcombe (1981), and the “Oak-Farkleberry Sandylands” of Ajilvsgi (1979). These sites are characterized by deep coarse sands, upland or ridge-top topographic positions, and an open canopy of small, stunted trees. The excessively well-drained sandy soils are rapidly permeable and have a limited ability to hold moisture, so rainfall percolates downward quickly; hence they become droughty during even short rainless periods. Even in the absence of fire, soil conditions tend to maintain an open forest canopy on many sites. Common tree species include Quercus incana (bluejack oak), Q. margaretta (sand post oak), Q. marilandica (blackjack oak), Carya texana (black hickory), Pinus palustris (longleaf pine–chiefly in the southeastern Pineywoods), and Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine). Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem) and Pityopsis graminifolia (narrow-leaf silk-grass) may contribute to the often sparse ground cover. Yucca louisianensis (Louisiana yucca), Tragia urticifolia (nettle-leaf noseburn), Cnidoscolus texanus (Texas bull-nettle), and Opuntia stricta (erect prickly-pear) are typical indicators of these sites. This community is the droughtiest of all types seen in the Pineywoods and is rare on most landscapes. Good examples occur on the Carrizo Formation north of Nacogdoches in the Tonkawa Springs area, as well as in the San Augustine Sandhills and Matlock Hills areas of the central Sabine National Forest. Examples are also known from the Big Thicket (Ajilvsgi 1979). ARENIC DRY UPLANDS—“Arenic” is a soil term describing a deep sand layer occurring atop a loamy subsoil. In addition to the increased moisture-holding capacity of the loamy subsoil,
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS
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ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK BATTERBAE,
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We would like to recognize and expr
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ISSN 0833-1475 ISBN 1-889878-12-X S
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“DEEP EAST TEXAS IS AN OLD, QUIET
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Elray S. Nixon E lray Nixon was bor
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS TAB
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TABLE OFCONTENTS/ PAGE APPENDICES A
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Hymenocallis liriosme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS OVE
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4 INTRODUCTION/GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF E
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10 INTRODUCTION/MAJOR RIVERS OF EAS
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12 INTRODUCTION/PLANTS TREATED The
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14 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ARRANGEMEN
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16 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO SOURCES OF
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18 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHIC
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20 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ENDANGERED
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22 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GLOSSARY,
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24 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ABBREVIATI
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26 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DATA ON FLO
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28 INTRODUCTION/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kar
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30 INTRODUCTION/AUTHORS’ NOTE Pre
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32 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
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Page 57 and 58: 40 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
Page 63 and 64: 46 INTRODUCTION/SOILS SOIL ORDER DE
Page 65 and 66: 48 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, EAST TEXAS B
Page 67 and 68: 50 INTRODUCTION/SOIL-RELATED GEOLOG
Page 77 and 78: 60 INTRODUCTION/SOILS OF BLACKLAND
Page 83 and 84: 66 INTRODUCTION/CLIMATE OF EAST TEX
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Page 95 and 96: 78 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOO
Page 97 and 98: 80 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT, EARL
Page 105 and 106: 88 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT VEGET
Page 107: 90 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
Page 111 and 112: 94 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
Page 123 and 124: 106 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
Page 127 and 128: 110 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Page 129 and 130: 112 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
Page 131 and 132: 114 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
Page 133 and 134: 116 INTRODUCTION/ PRESETTLEMENT, EA
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Page 145 and 146: 128 INTRODUCTION/RED RIVER AREA are
Page 147 and 148: 130 INTRODUCTION/BLACKLAND PRAIRIE
Page 149 and 150: 132 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF BLACKLA
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142 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT AND
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144 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF BLAC
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146 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
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148 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
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150 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE LOCATIO
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152 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE FIG.84/
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154 INTRODUCTION/PRESENT AND FUTURE
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156 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET THE BI
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158 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET GEOGRA
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160 INTRODUCTION/NATURAL HISTORY OF
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172 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DEFINITION
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184 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BIG THI
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190 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN BI
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200 INTRODUCTION/ORIGIN AND DIVERSI
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228 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN EA
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234 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BOTANY
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244 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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246 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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248 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT UNIVERSI
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250 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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252 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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254 INTRODUCTION/OTHER CONTRIBUTION
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256 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT BOTANICAL
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258 INTRODUCTION/BOTANICAL ART IN E
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