ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...
ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...
ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...
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240 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY <strong>OF</strong> BOTANY IN <strong>TEXAS</strong><br />
Over the past century this situation has changed greatly. As a result of various state and local<br />
floristic projects and the collecting efforts of numerous individuals, well over two million<br />
herbarium specimens are now kept in Texas. Nearly 40 herbaria are active in the state. The<br />
three largest are the Plant Resources Center at the University of Texas at Austin, with about<br />
1,100,000 specimens (including the University of Texas and Lundell Herbaria), which<br />
make it the 12 th largest in the U.S.—Morin & Spellenberg 1993); the <strong>Botanical</strong> <strong>Research</strong><br />
Institute of Texas in Fort Worth, with approximately 1,000,000 specimens (including the<br />
Southern Methodist University, Vanderbilt University, and Southeastern Oklahoma State<br />
University collections), the 13 th largest in the U.S. (Morin & Spellenberg 1993); and the<br />
S.M. Tracy Herbarium of the Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management of Texas<br />
A&M University, with over 217,000 specimens (Simpson 1996; Holmgren et al. 2004). A substantial<br />
number of very early Texas collections have been returned to the state through the efforts<br />
of Lloyd Shinners and exchanges with the Milwaukee Public Museum and the Missouri<br />
<strong>Botanical</strong> Garden. For example, slightly less than 1,400 early Texas specimens (dating back to<br />
1839) collected by Ferdinand Lindheimer, Julien Reverchon, Charles Wright, and others are<br />
now in the collection at the <strong>Botanical</strong> <strong>Research</strong> Institute of Texas (Shinners 1949).<br />
Further information on the history of botany in Texas can be obtained from Winkler<br />
(1915), Geiser (1936, 1939, 1945a, 1948a, 1948b), Shinners (1949, 1958), and McKelvey<br />
(1955, 1991).<br />
MODERN STATE-WIDE OR REGIONAL <strong>FLORA</strong>S<br />
FIG. 143/ DONOVAN STEWART CORRELL (1908–1983).<br />
REPRINTED BY PERMISSION FROM ECONOMIC BOTANY 38:135,<br />
BERNICE G. SCHUBERT, COPYRIGHT 1984, THE NEW YORK<br />
BOTANICAL GARDEN,BRONX,NY.<br />
The first attempt at a comprehensive statewide<br />
flora was the three volume Flora of Texas<br />
by C.L. Lundell (1961, 1966, 1969). While never<br />
completed, this project of the Texas <strong>Research</strong><br />
Foundation at Renner (near Dallas) was a<br />
valuable contribution to the knowledge of Texas<br />
plants. The Texas <strong>Research</strong> Foundation subsequently<br />
published the Manual of the Vascular<br />
Plants of Texas (Correll & Johnston 1970), which<br />
after nearly four decades is still the only comprehensive<br />
flora (including keys and descriptions)<br />
that treats the entire state. Donovan Stewart<br />
Correll (1908–1983) (Fig. 143) was born in<br />
North Carolina and trained at Duke University.<br />
After serving at Harvard University and the<br />
United States Department of Agriculture, he<br />
came to the Texas <strong>Research</strong> Foundation in 1956.<br />
There his most important contribution was to<br />
direct and complete the Manual project. His research<br />
specialties included potatoes (Solanum),<br />
ferns, the Orchidaceae, and economic botany<br />
(Schubert 1984). With his wife, Helen B. Correll,<br />
he authored the influential and still widely<br />
used Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southwestern United States (1972, 2002). Subsequent to his<br />
work at the Texas <strong>Research</strong> Foundation, he served at the National Science Foundation and<br />
Fairchild Tropical Garden. Marshall Conring Johnston (1930–) (Fig. 144), a native Texan<br />
reared in the brush country of the Rio Grande delta, spent his career in the Botany<br />
Department at the University of Texas at Austin. His research specialties include the<br />
Euphorbiaceae, Rhamnaceae, and floristics of Texas and Mexico. His contributions are<br />
described in more detail below in the section on the University of Texas.