ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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GEOLOGY OF BLACKLAND PRAIRIE/INTRODUCTION 133 FIG.77/MAJOR PLANT COMMUNITY TYPES OF THE BLACKLAND PRAIRIE AND RELATED TALLGRASS REGIONS OF TEXAS (FROM DIAMOND & SMEINS 1993, IN M.R. SHARPLESS AND J.C.YELDERMAN, EDS.THE BLACKLAND PRAIRIE, LAND, HISTORY, AND CULTURE; WITH PERMISSION OF BAYLOR UNIV.@1993).
134 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT AND EARLY SETTLEMENT CONDITIONS ON BLACKLAND PRAIRIE Finally, the easternmost and youngest Cretaceous rocks supporting the main belt of the Blackland Prairie are those of the Navarro Group, deposited about 72 to 68 million years ago (Hayward & Yelderman 1991). These deposits outcrop on the eastern margin of the Blackland, from Red River County in the north, through Kaufman and Navarro counties, south to Williamson County on the southeastern margin of the Blackland Prairie. They break down into soils (Alfisols) with a somewhat higher sand content than the Blackland soils farther west, and support the easternmost of the Blackland Prairies, the Eastern Transitional or Marginal Prairie (Hill 1901; Hayward & Yelderman 1991). While easier to till, these soils are poorer in nutrients and thus not as valuable for farming (Hayward & Yelderman 1991). Immediately to the east of the Navarro Group, on younger sandy deposits of Tertiary age, the Post Oak Savannah begins. The Tertiary rocks underlying the spatially disjunct Fayette and San Antonio prairies (see Fig. 77) belong to the Fleming, Oakville Sandstone, and Cook Mountain formations (Smeins & Diamond 1983; Miller & Smeins 1988) dating from Miocene and Eocene times. The Fleming Formation underlies much of the Fayette Prairie. It “consists of a 400-m thick layer of calcareous silty clay sediment with some medium to coarse grained sandstone. The Oakville Sandstone is slightly older. It is found as a narrow strip on the NW side and in the S-central portion of the [Fayette] prairie, and consists of a 65-m-thick layer of medium grained calcareous sandstone with some calcareous clay” (Smeins & Diamond 1983). The still older Cook Mountain occurs at the southwestern tip of the Fayette Prairie and under part of the San Antonio Prairie and “consists of a 30-m-thick layer” (Smeins & Diamond 1983) “of fossiliferous marine muds and poorly indurated mudstones with minor interbeds of sand and limestone” (Miller & Smeins 1988). Under most of the Fayette Prairie and parts of the San Antonio Prairie, these rocks break down to form Vertisols (sometimes with gilgai), similar to those found on most of the main belt of the Blackland Prairie. The western margin of the Fayette Prairie and portions of the San Antonio Prairie are underlain by rocks with a higher sand content, resulting in the development of Alfisols similar to those of the eastern margin of the main belt of the Blackland Prairie (Smeins & Diamond 1983; Miller & Smeins 1988). PRESETTLEMENT AND EARLY SETTLEMENT CONDITIONS ON THE BLACKLAND PRAIRIE VEGETATION OF THE PRESETTLEMENT AND EARLY SETTLEMENT BLACKLAND PRAIRIE—Conditions on the presettlement and early settlement Blackland Prairie were strikingly different from those found today. Probably, the most conspicuous feature of the original landscape was the presence of vast expanses of tall grass prairie (Fig. 78). In the words of Parker (1856), traveling with the 1854 Marcy expedition, “After leaving Preston [northern Grayson County], we entered upon the vast plains.…” Dr. John Brooke, who emigrated from England in 1848, stated on arriving at the edge of the Blackland Prairie, “It was the finest sight I ever saw; immense meadows 2 or 3 feet deep of fine grass & flowers. Such beautiful colours I never saw.…” (Brooke 1848). In describing the area where he settled near Dorchester in south central Grayson County, Brooke (1849) said, I can sit on the porch before my door and can see miles of the most beautiful Prairie interwoven with groves of timber, surpassing, in my idea, the beauties of the sea. Think of seeing a tract of land on a slight incline covered with flowers and rich meadow grass for 12 to 20 miles.… Hill (1901), speaking of the Blacklands in general, said, The surfaces of the prairies are ordinarily clad with thick mantles of grass, liberally sprinkled with many-colored flowers, broken here and there by low growths of mesquite trees, or in exceptional
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS
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ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK BATTERBAE,
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We would like to recognize and expr
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ISSN 0833-1475 ISBN 1-889878-12-X S
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“DEEP EAST TEXAS IS AN OLD, QUIET
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Elray S. Nixon E lray Nixon was bor
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS TAB
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TABLE OFCONTENTS/ PAGE APPENDICES A
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Hymenocallis liriosme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS OVE
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4 INTRODUCTION/GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF E
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10 INTRODUCTION/MAJOR RIVERS OF EAS
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12 INTRODUCTION/PLANTS TREATED The
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14 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ARRANGEMEN
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16 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO SOURCES OF
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18 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHIC
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20 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ENDANGERED
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22 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GLOSSARY,
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24 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ABBREVIATI
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26 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DATA ON FLO
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28 INTRODUCTION/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kar
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30 INTRODUCTION/AUTHORS’ NOTE Pre
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32 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
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46 INTRODUCTION/SOILS SOIL ORDER DE
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48 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, EAST TEXAS B
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50 INTRODUCTION/SOIL-RELATED GEOLOG
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60 INTRODUCTION/SOILS OF BLACKLAND
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66 INTRODUCTION/CLIMATE OF EAST TEX
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Forests define East Texas, and to a
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78 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOO
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80 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT, EARL
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Page 107 and 108: 90 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
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184 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BIG THI
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190 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN BI
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200 INTRODUCTION/ORIGIN AND DIVERSI
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228 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN EA
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234 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BOTANY
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244 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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246 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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248 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT UNIVERSI
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250 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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252 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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254 INTRODUCTION/OTHER CONTRIBUTION
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256 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT BOTANICAL
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258 INTRODUCTION/BOTANICAL ART IN E
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