ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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CONSERVATION IN EASTTEXAS/INTRODUCTION 229 FIG. 132/ MAP SHOWING NATIONAL FORESTS AND WILDERNESS AREAS IN EAST TEXAS (FROM REALMS OF BEAUTY:THE WILDERNESS AREAS OF EAST TEXAS BY EDWARD C. FRITZ, PHOTOGRAPHS BY JESS ALFORD.COPYRIGHT © 1986. BY PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR AND THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS). wilderness areas (Big Slough, Indian Mounds, Little Lake Creek, Turkey Hill, and Upland Island totaling about 35,000 acres—Fig. 132), being preserved for future generations (Fritz 1993). Currently, a variety of conservation efforts are underway in East Texas in an attempt to preserve at least some small examples of the rich natural heritage of the state. Addresses and telephone numbers of the organizations mentioned below are provided in Appendix 13. A significant amount of land in East Texas (approximately 1 million acres = approximately 400,000 hectares, or a little more than two percent of the total land) is controlled by various federal or state agencies. Ecosystems on this public land are given various levels of protection ranging from excellent (wilderness areas in the national forests and the Big Thicket National Preserve) to poor (intensive logging in some areas of the national forests). Areas of land controlled by the federal government include the Big Thicket National Preserve (north of Beaumont), four National Forests (Angelina, Davy Crockett, Sabine, Sam Houston), Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge (Harrison County), Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge
230 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN EASTTEXAS (Grayson County), Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge (Burnet, Travis, and Williamson counties), Trinity River National Wildlife Refuge (Liberty County), Camp Maxey (U.S. Army) in Lamar County, the Caddo National Grasslands in Fannin County, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers land around numerous impoundments. Examples of state land include numerous state parks and wildlife management areas (Appendix 13). The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is protecting, and in some cases attempting restoration of numerous tracts throughout East Texas. For example, fire is now being used in restoration efforts in some state parks. A number of far-sighted local governments are also protecting natural habitats. Specific examples include the Gambill Wildlife Refuge in Lamar County (maintained by the City of Paris), Harry S. Moss Park in Dallas, Lee F. Jackson Spring Creek Forest Preserve in Garland, Parkhill Prairie Preserve in Collin County, and Windmill Hill Nature Preserve in Desoto. The government agencies listed above not only control and protect land, but also carry out numerous research, educational, and outreach activities designed to promote conservation. Non-governmental organizations protect and manage particularly critical pieces of habitat. Several well known examples of Nature Conservancy projects are the Fred and Loucille Dahmer Caddo Lake Preserve near Uncertain in Harrison County, Lennox Woods Preserve in Red River County (Sanders 1994), the Roy E. Larsen Sandyland Preserve in Hardin County, Clymer Meadow in Hunt County, and Tridens Prairie in Lamar County. The Nature Conservancy of Texas also recently (January 2004) entered into a conservation partnership with Texas A&M University-Commerce regarding preservation of the Cowleech Prairie Preserve in Hunt County. The Natural Area Preservation Association (NAPA) manages approximately 40 properties in East Texas and nearly 60 in Texas, totaling more than 35,000 acres. The Conservation Fund has been instrumental in preserving nearly 112,000 acres of natural habitat in Texas including the 33,000 acre Middle Neches River tract in East Texas (Andy Jones, pers. comm.). The Trust for Public Land has protected more than 26,000 acres in the state, including the recent acquisition of a 302 acre “Yegua Knobs” tract at the boundary of Bastrop and Lee counties. The 4,600 acre Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation near Livingston in Polk County has some of the best remaining examples of old growth forest in the Pineywoods. The National Audubon Society is currently managing the Cedar Ridge Preserve (formerly the Dallas Nature Center) in Dallas County. The Heard Natural Science Museum and Wildlife Sanctuary, a 287-acre protected area in Collin County, has numerous conservation activities, including a raptor rehabilitation program and a tall grass prairie restoration project (e.g., Steigman & Ovenden 1988). Austin College through its Center for Environmental Studies protects five field laboratories and preserves totaling nearly 365 acres in Grayson County. The Connemara Conservancy has preserved 72 acres in Collin County and has expanded its mission to protect land in Delta and Hunt counties. The East Texas Arboretum and Botanical Society (Athens, Henderson County) is protecting 100 acres of native habitat. The Watson Pinelands Preserve in Tyler County is dedicated to preserving a portion of the diversity of the Big Thicket. Other organizations, such as the Big Thicket Association, the Caddo Lake Institute, the Native Plant Society of Texas, the Native Prairies Association of Texas, and the Texas Committee on Natural Resources, are actively engaged in educating the public and promoting the importance of plants, natural areas, and conservation. The Ancient Cross Timbers Consortium was recently established to promote research, education, and conservation of the old-growth forests of the Cross Timbers and Post Oak Savannah (Ancient Cross Timbers Consortium 2004). The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, located in Travis County, is dedicated to the study, preservation, and reestablishment of North American native plants in planned landscapes. It has had an important impact throughout Texas and beyond. Likewise, the Pineywoods Native Plant Center in Nacogdoches focuses on plants of the Pineywoods. The Texas Organization for Endangered Species (TOES) has monitored and published information about endangered and threatened
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS
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ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK BATTERBAE,
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We would like to recognize and expr
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ISSN 0833-1475 ISBN 1-889878-12-X S
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“DEEP EAST TEXAS IS AN OLD, QUIET
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Elray S. Nixon E lray Nixon was bor
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS TAB
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TABLE OFCONTENTS/ PAGE APPENDICES A
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Hymenocallis liriosme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS OVE
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4 INTRODUCTION/GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF E
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10 INTRODUCTION/MAJOR RIVERS OF EAS
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12 INTRODUCTION/PLANTS TREATED The
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14 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ARRANGEMEN
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16 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO SOURCES OF
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18 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHIC
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20 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ENDANGERED
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22 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GLOSSARY,
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24 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ABBREVIATI
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26 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DATA ON FLO
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28 INTRODUCTION/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kar
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30 INTRODUCTION/AUTHORS’ NOTE Pre
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32 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
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46 INTRODUCTION/SOILS SOIL ORDER DE
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48 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, EAST TEXAS B
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50 INTRODUCTION/SOIL-RELATED GEOLOG
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60 INTRODUCTION/SOILS OF BLACKLAND
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66 INTRODUCTION/CLIMATE OF EAST TEX
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Forests define East Texas, and to a
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78 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOO
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80 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT, EARL
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88 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT VEGET
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90 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
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106 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
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110 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY AND SOILS
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112 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
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114 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
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116 INTRODUCTION/ PRESETTLEMENT, EA
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118 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF POST
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124 INTRODUCTION/CONDITIONS TODAY O
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128 INTRODUCTION/RED RIVER AREA are
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130 INTRODUCTION/BLACKLAND PRAIRIE
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132 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF BLACKLA
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134 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT AND
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144 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF BLAC
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146 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
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148 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
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150 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE LOCATIO
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152 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE FIG.84/
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154 INTRODUCTION/PRESENT AND FUTURE
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156 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET THE BI
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158 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET GEOGRA
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160 INTRODUCTION/NATURAL HISTORY OF
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172 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DEFINITION
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Page 271 and 272: 254 INTRODUCTION/OTHER CONTRIBUTION
Page 273 and 274: 256 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT BOTANICAL
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