ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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BIG THICKET/INTRODUCTION 159 (130,000 hectares), mostly located in Hardin County and stretching from just south of Sour Lake north past Votaw into southern Polk County (Abernethy 1966, 1996, 2002; Loughmiller & Loughmiller 1977, 2002). Such a delineation (see Fig. 88), encompassing the “wooded swamps and junglelike palmetto flats around Pine Island and Little Pine Island bayous” is sometimes referred to as the Traditional or Hunter’s Thicket (Ajilvsgi 1979). McLeod’s (1972) ecological study of the region (discussed in more detail below) Falls Ellis Milam Lee Fayette Limestone Burleson Lavaca Kaufman Van Zandt Gregg TYLER ■ Smith TRINITY RIVER Navarro NAVASOTA RIVER BRAZOS RIVER LITTLE RIVER Robertson Brazos BRYAN ■ Washington COLORADO RIVER LAVACA RIVER Colorado Freestone Austin Wharton Henderson Leon Madison Grimes ■ ROAN’S PRAIRIE Waller Anderson Walker Montgomery Fort Bend Cherokee Houston HUNTSVILLE ■ SAN JACINTO RIVER BRAZOS RIVER San Jacinto Brazoria Trinity ANGELINA RIVER NECH ES RIVER ■ Harris HOUSTON ■ SABINE RIVER LAKE LIVINGSTON CONROE Rusk Nacogdoches Polk Galveston Angelina Harrison Liberty Panola NACOGDOCHES ■ ■ LUFKIN ■LIVINGSTON ■ VOTAW BROADEST CONCEPTION OF BIG THICKET BIOLOGICAL SURVEY (1938) ECOLOGICAL AREA (MCLEOD, 1970) B.A. STEINHAGEN LAKE ■ SARATOGA ■ ■ LIBERTY Chambers Shelby San Augustine WOODVILLE Tyler Hardin KOUNTZE ■ GALVESTON TRADITIONAL (HUNTER’S) THICKET (1890-1900) ■ SAM RAYBURN RESERVOIR ■ Sabine JASPER ■ NEWTON Jasper ■ BEAUMONT Jefferson PORT ■ ARTHUR Newton Orange TOLEDO BEND RESERVOIR Gulf of Mexico FIG.88/VARYING CONCEPTIONS OF THE BIG THICKET.MODIFIED FROM GUNTER (1971); FIGURE PRODUCED BY BRIT/AUSTIN COLLEGE. Louisiana
160 INTRODUCTION/NATURAL HISTORY OF BIG THICKET provides the most biologically meaningful conception of the Big Thicket. While larger than the Traditional Thicket, McLeod’s ecological definition is much smaller than earlier, less precise delineations. This vegetationally based view treats the Big Thicket as extending from Newton County on the Louisiana border west to near Conroe in Montgomery County, and from north of Woodville in Tyler County south to northeastern Harris County near Houston (Figs. 88, 90)—an area exceeding two million acres (810,000 hectares or 3,125 square miles) (McLeod 1972). We are using McLeod’s definition of the Big Thicket as the general basis for our discussion because it is a non-arbitrary delineation based on an actual survey of the vegetation of the region. FIG.89/THE “PRIMITIVE”BIG THICKET REGION (REPRINTED FROM NATURE LOVER’S GUIDE TO THE BIG THICKET BY HOWARD PEACOCK BY PERMISSION OF THE TEXAS A&M PRESS.COPYRIGHT © 1994 BY HOWARD PEACOCK). NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BIG THICKET GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE VEGETATION—From a scientific standpoint, the Big Thicket, like all of the Pineywoods, is part of two broad-scale vegetational provinces: the Southeastern Mixed Forest Province and the Outer Coastal Plain Mixed Forest Province (Keys et al. 1995; Turner et al. 1999). In general, forests to the north and west of the Big Thicket, though part of the Pineywoods, “receive less precipitation, are shorter, and contain fewer tree species” (Marks & Harcombe 1981). Ecologically, McLeod (1972) considered the Big Thicket to have been originally an area of mixed mesic woodlands, and he noted that the species composition was sufficiently homogeneous to distinguish it from adjacent vegetational types. He described it as “predominantly a loblolly pine-hardwood association” and more specifically “a loblolly pinewhite oak-beech-magnolia forest, rich in an understory of both evergreen and deciduous shrubs, a variety of climbing vines, and both annual and perennial herbs.” He considered this forest to be the climax vegetation of the region and used it as the basis for his delineation of the Big Thicket (Fig. 90). He stressed the importance of the mixed hardwoods, noting that “it is the hardwood components, with their associated understory species, that define this forest type in relation to contiguous forest types.” Even though emphasizing a common vegetational association, McLeod (1972) divided the area into an “upper thicket,” to which American beech (Fagus grandifolia) is restricted, and a wetter, more poorly drained “lower thicket,” where that species is largely replaced by oaks (Quercus spp.). However, Maxine Johnston
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS
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ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK BATTERBAE,
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We would like to recognize and expr
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ISSN 0833-1475 ISBN 1-889878-12-X S
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“DEEP EAST TEXAS IS AN OLD, QUIET
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Elray S. Nixon E lray Nixon was bor
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS TAB
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TABLE OFCONTENTS/ PAGE APPENDICES A
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Hymenocallis liriosme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS OVE
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4 INTRODUCTION/GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF E
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10 INTRODUCTION/MAJOR RIVERS OF EAS
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12 INTRODUCTION/PLANTS TREATED The
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14 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ARRANGEMEN
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16 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO SOURCES OF
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18 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHIC
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20 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ENDANGERED
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22 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GLOSSARY,
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24 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ABBREVIATI
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26 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DATA ON FLO
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28 INTRODUCTION/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kar
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30 INTRODUCTION/AUTHORS’ NOTE Pre
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32 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
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46 INTRODUCTION/SOILS SOIL ORDER DE
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48 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, EAST TEXAS B
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50 INTRODUCTION/SOIL-RELATED GEOLOG
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60 INTRODUCTION/SOILS OF BLACKLAND
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66 INTRODUCTION/CLIMATE OF EAST TEX
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Forests define East Texas, and to a
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78 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOO
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80 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT, EARL
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88 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT VEGET
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90 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
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106 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
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Page 201 and 202: 184 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BIG THI
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210 INTRODUCTION/ORIGIN AND DIVERSI
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228 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN EA
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234 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BOTANY
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244 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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246 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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248 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT UNIVERSI
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250 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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252 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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254 INTRODUCTION/OTHER CONTRIBUTION
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256 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT BOTANICAL
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258 INTRODUCTION/BOTANICAL ART IN E
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