ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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NATURAL HISTORY OF BIG THICKET/INTRODUCTION 165 FIG.92/VEGETATIONAL COMPLEXITY SEEN IN THE VILLAGE CREEK FLOODPLAIN IN THE BIG THICKET; NOTE MEANDERING OF THE STREAM.MODIFIED FROM WATSON (1975) WITH PERMISSION OF GERALDINE WATSON AND THE BIG THICKET ASSOCIATION. of similar size in North America (Peacock 1994). However, when examined closely, even though the Big Thicket is diverse in terms of habitats, there appear to be no studies demonstrating that it exceeds a number of other areas in the southeastern United States in this regard (MacRoberts & MacRoberts 2004a). The Big Thicket appears to display approximately the same number of plant communities as do other parts of this habitat-diverse region of the country. As in other areas in the southeast, the complex vegetational pattern is controlled by slight variations in elevation, soil type, and available water (Watson 1975; Parent 1993). The Village Creek Floodplain (Fig. 91) is a particularly telling specific example as can be seen from the diagram (Fig. 92)—areas of arid (xeric) sandyland vegetation occur on welldrained, slightly higher, sandy areas representing old levees or terraces, while baygalls and other wetland vegetation types occupy abandoned stream channels. In some parts of the Big Thicket, walking a descending transect over a few tens of meters from a ridge top to a stream bottom can reveal the following—beginning in a xeric sandyland upland with Pinus palustris (longleaf pine), Quercus incana (bluejack oak), Cnidoscolus texanus (bull-nettle), Yucca louisianensis (Louisiana yucca), Opuntia humifusa (eastern prickly-pear), and Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern); proceeding downhill to a midslope mesophytic Fagus grandifolia-Magnolia grandiflora (beech-magnolia) forest with Lilium michauxii (Carolina lily), Tipularia discolor (crane-fly orchid), and Epifagus virginiana (beech drops); and finally arriving at a bottomland baygall with Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay magnolia), Ilex coriacea (gallberry holly), Cyrilla racemosa (titi), Apteria aphylla (nodding-nixie), and Osmunda regalis (royal fern). At a larger scale, the complexity of the vegetation is still quite evident, with areas dominated by different communities extremely intermingled (Fig. 93). It is important to understand, as pointed out by Geraldine Watson (pers. comm.), that the complexity of the vegetation is such that there “is not one thicket, but many.”
166 INTRODUCTION/NATURAL HISTORY OF BIG THICKET FIG. 93/ VEGETATION TYPES OF SOUTHEAST TEXAS (INCLUDING ALL OF THE BIG THICKET) AS MAPPED IN 1939 BY THE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION (CRUIKSHANK & ELDREDGE 1939). SPECIES DIVERSITY (HIGH SPECIES RICHNESS)—The Big Thicket is not only rich in habitat types, it is also a region often described as having high species diversity, or more technically, high species richness (= total number of species) (e.g., Watson 1975; Loughmiller & Loughmiller 1977; Peacock 1994; National Park Service 1997). Some authors (e.g., Loughmiller & Loughmiller 1977) have suggested (based on empirical observations of large numbers of species but without detailed quantitative data) that the Big Thicket contains the greatest variety of plants of any comparable area in the United States. Because of this diversity, the Big Thicket has sometimes been referred to as “America’s Ark” (Peacock 1994). On the other hand, MacRoberts and MacRoberts (2004a) have recently concluded that the Big Thicket has species richness values similar to other species-rich areas of adjacent Louisiana and the southeastern United States. These conflicting views need examination.
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS
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ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK BATTERBAE,
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We would like to recognize and expr
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ISSN 0833-1475 ISBN 1-889878-12-X S
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“DEEP EAST TEXAS IS AN OLD, QUIET
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Elray S. Nixon E lray Nixon was bor
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS TAB
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TABLE OFCONTENTS/ PAGE APPENDICES A
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Hymenocallis liriosme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS OVE
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4 INTRODUCTION/GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF E
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10 INTRODUCTION/MAJOR RIVERS OF EAS
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12 INTRODUCTION/PLANTS TREATED The
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14 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ARRANGEMEN
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16 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO SOURCES OF
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18 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHIC
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20 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ENDANGERED
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22 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GLOSSARY,
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24 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ABBREVIATI
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26 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DATA ON FLO
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28 INTRODUCTION/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kar
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30 INTRODUCTION/AUTHORS’ NOTE Pre
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32 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
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46 INTRODUCTION/SOILS SOIL ORDER DE
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48 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, EAST TEXAS B
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50 INTRODUCTION/SOIL-RELATED GEOLOG
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60 INTRODUCTION/SOILS OF BLACKLAND
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66 INTRODUCTION/CLIMATE OF EAST TEX
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Forests define East Texas, and to a
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78 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOO
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80 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT, EARL
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88 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT VEGET
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90 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
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106 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
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108 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
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110 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY AND SOILS
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112 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
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Page 143 and 144: 126 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
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Page 147 and 148: 130 INTRODUCTION/BLACKLAND PRAIRIE
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Page 167 and 168: 150 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE LOCATIO
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Page 171 and 172: 154 INTRODUCTION/PRESENT AND FUTURE
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216 INTRODUCTION/ORIGIN AND DIVERSI
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228 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN EA
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234 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BOTANY
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244 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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246 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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248 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT UNIVERSI
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250 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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252 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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254 INTRODUCTION/OTHER CONTRIBUTION
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256 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT BOTANICAL
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258 INTRODUCTION/BOTANICAL ART IN E
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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