ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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HISTORY OF BIG THICKET/INTRODUCTION 185 than remaining unpopulated, the disputed area quickly became a refuge for murderers, horse thieves, and gamblers. So lawless was the Neutral Ground that it required the presence of military forces. When the region was finally acquired by the United States in 1821, its inhabitants moved to the Big Thicket, which quickly acquired the dual aura of a wilderness refuge and a dark and dangerous place. Stories of gangs of escaped slaves and organized bands of outlaws hung in the air around the Thicket like fog on a still fall morning. Tales of murder and mysterious disappearances were common. Sam Houston, one story runs, planned to hide his army there if his attack on Santa Anna’s army at San Jacinto failed. There was, according to legend, at least one huge old hollow tree for each member of his troop. Abernethy (1966, 2002), Loughmiller and Loughmiller (1977, 2002), and Sitton (1995) give detailed views of the rich and unique cultural history of the Big Thicket. The early settlers used all the varied natural resources available to meet their needs. As Walker (1993) noted, they, …used 14-pound axes to cut virgin stems of loblolly and shortleaf pines as well as bald cypress for houses. Spanish moss draping from trees served for mattress stuffing and sewing thread. Occasionally squatters sectioned a white oak for barrel staves to hold whiskey distilled along the creeks. Barrels of red oak stored flour and sugar. Persimmons and plums from the woods provided fruit, locust pods served the need for beans, while walnuts and hickory nuts, pounded, boiled and strained, earned the name milk of honey. Rich as fresh cream, the oily liquid added sweetness to hominy grits and cornbread. Basket weavers utilized the bark of young shoots of the redbud, and boiled wild black cherry bark provided delicious tea. FIG. 102/ CUTTING OLD GROWTH WHITE OAK TO MAKE BARREL STAVES IN THE BOTTOMS NEAR ROGANVILLE,JASPER CO., CA. 1900. PHOTO COURTESY JASPER HISTORICAL COMMISSION,JASPER.
186 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BIG THICKET FIG. 103/ PARK-LIKE OLD GROWTH LONGLEAF PINE FOREST 12 MILES NORTHEAST OF DOUCETTE,TYLER CO., 1907–1908. PHOTO COURTESY TEXAS FORESTRY MUSEUM,LUFKIN. For the first one or two generations following settlement, the settlers’ impact on the Big Thicket was slight, with vegetation rapidly reclaiming small building sites or farmsteads once they were abandoned (Owens 1978). However, major change was inevitable—lumbering in the region began in the 1850s, with at least three steam sawmills operating in the vicinity of Orange and Beaumont. Given the lack of transportation facilities, most of the logs (e.g., bald-cypress) to supply the mills were floated down the Sabine and Neches rivers (McLeod 1972; Sitton 1995) (Fig. 101). Bald-cypress, sometimes called the “wood eternal” because of its decay-resistant durable heartwood (Hart & Price 1990), was important in the first timber boom, as were white oak and other hardwoods— cypress shingles and lumber, white oak staves, hickory barrel hoops, and furnituregrade walnut planking were all important early commodities (Sitton 1995) (Fig. 102). It wasn’t until the 1870s and 1880s, with the construction of the Houston-Eastand-West-Texas Railroad, that the western part of the Big Thicket was readily accessible FIG. 104/ SHAY LOCOMOTIVE AND LOG TRAIN.PHOTO COURTESY STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIV., FOREST HISTORY COLLECTIONS.
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS
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ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK BATTERBAE,
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We would like to recognize and expr
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ISSN 0833-1475 ISBN 1-889878-12-X S
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“DEEP EAST TEXAS IS AN OLD, QUIET
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Elray S. Nixon E lray Nixon was bor
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS TAB
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TABLE OFCONTENTS/ PAGE APPENDICES A
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Hymenocallis liriosme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS OVE
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4 INTRODUCTION/GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF E
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10 INTRODUCTION/MAJOR RIVERS OF EAS
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12 INTRODUCTION/PLANTS TREATED The
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14 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ARRANGEMEN
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16 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO SOURCES OF
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18 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHIC
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20 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ENDANGERED
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22 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GLOSSARY,
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24 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ABBREVIATI
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26 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DATA ON FLO
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28 INTRODUCTION/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kar
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30 INTRODUCTION/AUTHORS’ NOTE Pre
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32 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
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46 INTRODUCTION/SOILS SOIL ORDER DE
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48 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, EAST TEXAS B
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50 INTRODUCTION/SOIL-RELATED GEOLOG
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60 INTRODUCTION/SOILS OF BLACKLAND
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66 INTRODUCTION/CLIMATE OF EAST TEX
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Forests define East Texas, and to a
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78 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOO
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80 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT, EARL
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88 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT VEGET
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90 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
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106 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
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110 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY AND SOILS
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112 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
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114 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
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116 INTRODUCTION/ PRESETTLEMENT, EA
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118 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF POST
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124 INTRODUCTION/CONDITIONS TODAY O
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128 INTRODUCTION/RED RIVER AREA are
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130 INTRODUCTION/BLACKLAND PRAIRIE
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132 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF BLACKLA
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Page 163 and 164: 146 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
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Page 167 and 168: 150 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE LOCATIO
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Page 171 and 172: 154 INTRODUCTION/PRESENT AND FUTURE
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Page 175 and 176: 158 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET GEOGRA
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Page 207 and 208: 190 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN BI
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236 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BOTANY
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244 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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246 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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248 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT UNIVERSI
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250 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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252 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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254 INTRODUCTION/OTHER CONTRIBUTION
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256 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT BOTANICAL
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258 INTRODUCTION/BOTANICAL ART IN E
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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