ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

GENERAL GEOLOGY OF EAST TEXAS/INTRODUCTION 37 FIG.17/GEOLOGIC MAP OF TEXAS.USED WITH PERMISSION OF THE BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY,UNIV. OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN.
38 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF EAST TEXAS exposed to the west crop out again at the surface on the Sabine Uplift (e.g., Carrizo Formation). In general, however, there is a striking progression of younger sediments towards the coast. Some of the Tertiary sediments are rich in organic materials from the abundant plant life in the ancient swamps. These are particularly important economically because their hydrocarbon compounds (modified by heat and pressure) are the source of significant amounts of modern day oil, gas, and low-grade coal (lignite). Oil and gas are widely associated with East Texas, sometimes to the detriment of the environment because of the destructive techniques used to extract them. Lignite, however, is less well known in East Texas. Probably best described as somewhere between hard peat and soft coal, lignite represents the carbonized remains of plants that once flourished in the densely vegetated swamps near the coast. Examples include Eocene age (about 50 million years old) lignite mined near Winfield west of Mt. Pleasant and near Longview west of Marshall. Such lignite is used as fuel for power plants that generate electricity (Spearing 1991). While predominantly sand, the Tertiary layers of East Texas show significant variation (e.g., local areas of clay, shale, silt, marl, limestone, gravel, iron-rich layers, glauconite, lignite, oil and gas-bearing strata, or some sandy layers particularly hard and thus more resistant to erosion, etc.), which greatly affects modern day landscapes and economies. For example, according to Spearing (1991), “Rolling countryside speaks of alternating sandy and shaly sequences of rocks, where the sands form ridges and soft shales erode to form valleys.” The color of the layers also varies considerably, with some strikingly red due to the presence of oxidized iron. In fact, in limited areas (e.g., Cass and Morris counties), iron ore was mined from the Weches Formation beginning in the mid-nineteenth century (Brown et al. 1969) and was used during the Civil War in the manufacture of guns and other metal objects (Maxwell 1970). 1 2 2A 3 4 5 6 7 PRECAMBRIAN OF THE LLANO REGION OLDER PALEOZOICS OF THE LLANO REGION MARATHON BASIN MISSISSIPPIAN AND ORDOVICIAN OF THE LLANO BASIN PENNSYLVANIAN OF THE PALO PINTO SECTION PERMIAN OF THE OSAGE PLAIN TRIASSIC AND JURASSIC OF THE CAP ROCK ESCARPMENT LOWER CRETACEOUS OF THE EDWARDS PLATEAU, LAMPASAS CUT PLAIN, AND COMANCHE PLATEAU FIG.18/GEOLOGIC AGE OF SURFACE MATERIALS OF TEXAS (FROM HISTORICAL ATLAS OF TEXAS, BY A. RAY STEPHENS AND WILLIAM M. HOLMES.COPYRIGHT ©1989 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS, NORMAN. REPRINT BY PERMISSION OF THE PUB- LISHER.ALL RIGHTS RESERVED). 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 UPPER CRETACEOUS OF THE BLACKLAND BELT OLDER TERTIARY OF THE GULF COASTAL PLAIN LATER TERTIARY OF THE GULF COASTAL PLAIN PLEISTOCENE OF THE GULF COASTAL PLAIN QUATERNARY OF THE PECOS VALLEY LATE CENOZOIC ALLUVIUM OF THE HIGH PLAINS TRANS-PECOS BASIN AND RANGES
Page 1 and 2:
ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS
Page 3 and 4: ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK BATTERBAE,
Page 5 and 6: We would like to recognize and expr
Page 7 and 8: ISSN 0833-1475 ISBN 1-889878-12-X S
Page 9 and 10: “DEEP EAST TEXAS IS AN OLD, QUIET
Page 11 and 12: Elray S. Nixon E lray Nixon was bor
Page 13 and 14: ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS TAB
Page 15 and 16: TABLE OFCONTENTS/ PAGE APPENDICES A
Page 17 and 18: Hymenocallis liriosme
Page 19 and 20: ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS OVE
Page 21 and 22: 4 INTRODUCTION/GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF E
Page 27 and 28: 10 INTRODUCTION/MAJOR RIVERS OF EAS
Page 29 and 30: 12 INTRODUCTION/PLANTS TREATED The
Page 31 and 32: 14 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ARRANGEMEN
Page 33 and 34: 16 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO SOURCES OF
Page 35 and 36: 18 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHIC
Page 37 and 38: 20 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ENDANGERED
Page 39 and 40: 22 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GLOSSARY,
Page 41 and 42: 24 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ABBREVIATI
Page 43 and 44: 26 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DATA ON FLO
Page 45 and 46: 28 INTRODUCTION/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kar
Page 47 and 48: 30 INTRODUCTION/AUTHORS’ NOTE Pre
Page 49 and 50: 32 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
Page 53: 36 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
Page 63 and 64: 46 INTRODUCTION/SOILS SOIL ORDER DE
Page 65 and 66: 48 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, EAST TEXAS B
Page 67 and 68: 50 INTRODUCTION/SOIL-RELATED GEOLOG
Page 77 and 78: 60 INTRODUCTION/SOILS OF BLACKLAND
Page 83 and 84: 66 INTRODUCTION/CLIMATE OF EAST TEX
Page 93 and 94: Forests define East Texas, and to a
Page 95 and 96: 78 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOO
Page 97 and 98: 80 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT, EARL
Page 105 and 106:
88 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT VEGET
Page 107 and 108:
90 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
106 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
110 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Page 129 and 130:
112 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
Page 131 and 132:
114 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
Page 133 and 134:
116 INTRODUCTION/ PRESETTLEMENT, EA
Page 135 and 136:
118 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF POST
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
124 INTRODUCTION/CONDITIONS TODAY O
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
128 INTRODUCTION/RED RIVER AREA are
Page 147 and 148:
130 INTRODUCTION/BLACKLAND PRAIRIE
Page 149 and 150:
132 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF BLACKLA
Page 151 and 152:
134 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT AND
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
144 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF BLAC
Page 163 and 164:
146 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
Page 165 and 166:
148 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
Page 167 and 168:
150 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE LOCATIO
Page 169 and 170:
152 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE FIG.84/
Page 171 and 172:
154 INTRODUCTION/PRESENT AND FUTURE
Page 173 and 174:
156 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET THE BI
Page 175 and 176:
158 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET GEOGRA
Page 177 and 178:
160 INTRODUCTION/NATURAL HISTORY OF
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
172 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DEFINITION
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
184 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BIG THI
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
190 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN BI
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
200 INTRODUCTION/ORIGIN AND DIVERSI
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
228 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN EA
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
234 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BOTANY
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
244 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
Page 263 and 264:
246 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
Page 265 and 266:
248 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT UNIVERSI
Page 267 and 268:
250 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
Page 269 and 270:
252 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
Page 271 and 272:
254 INTRODUCTION/OTHER CONTRIBUTION
Page 273 and 274:
256 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT BOTANICAL
Page 275 and 276:
258 INTRODUCTION/BOTANICAL ART IN E
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
show all

ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?