ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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FIG. 145/ JULIEN REVERCHON (1837–1905). IMAGE OBTAINED FROM SHIRLEY LUSK, A DESCENDANT OF REVERCHON (IMAGE REPORTED TO HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED IN “A HISTORY OF DALLAS COUNTY”). FIG. 146/ ALBERT RUTH (1844–1932). FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE FORT WORTH PUBLIC LIBRARY. NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS / PRIOR TO 1970 BOTANY IN NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS/INTRODUCTION 243 Botanical exploration, observation, and collecting in North Central Texas occurred as early as the mid- 1800s (e.g., Smythe 1852; Parker 1856; Buckley— See Dorr & Nixon 1985; Munson 1883, 1909—see McLeRoy & Renfro 2004), with the first botanist to collect extensively in the north central part of the state being Julien Reverchon (Fig. 145). Reverchon’s botanical work spanned the years 1856–1905, with most of his collecting after 1869. By the time of his death in 1905, Reverchon’s collection numbered about 20,000 specimens of more than 2,600 Texas species. It was the best collection of the state’s flora then in existence (Geiser 1948a). Reverchon corresponded extensively with Asa Gray, one of the leading American botanists of the nineteenth-century, and was even visited by Gray. Reverchon was a member of the Torrey Botanical Club, published a number of scientific papers (e.g., Reverchon 1879, 1880, 1903), and during the last decade of his life served as Professor of Botany in the Baylor University College of Medicine and Pharmacy at Dallas (Geiser 1948a). Gray named the monotypic genus Reverchonia (Euphorbiaceae) in his honor (Geiser 1948a), as well as the Texas endemic Campanula reverchonii, basin bellflower. A number of other botanists were important in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Albert Ruth (1844–1932) (Fig. 146) was the first active botanist in Fort Worth. He collected primarily in Tarrant County but did some work as far away as Bexar and Garza counties (Shinners 1958). A number of his collections are now in the BRIT herbarium, and BRIT has in its library a lengthy unpublished typescript by Ruth of a Manual of Texas Flora. William Larrey McCart was also active in the area, doing extensive and well-organized collecting, particularly from 1937 to 1940. According to Shinners (1958), it was the best organized and most thorough work on the state’s flora being carried out during that time. Approximately 4,000 of his specimens are now incorporated into the BRIT herbarium. Yet another early contributor was Norma Stillwell,
244 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS FIG. 147/ LLOYD HERBERT SHINNERS (1918–1971). FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS. who published her Key and Guide to the Woody Plants of Dallas County (1939), a pamphlet treating some 90 species. This publication was, according to Shinners (1958), “the first independent publication dealing with our local flora.” From the 1940s to the 1980s, Southern Methodist University was an important center of botanical activity in North Central Texas. Botanists there in the 1940s included Eula Whitehouse (see Flook 1974 for more information), Victor L. Cory, Cyrus L. Lundell, and Lloyd Shinners. While housed in Dallas, these and later botanists focused their research efforts throughout the state. Many of the most important East Texas collections were made by these botanists and their associates. Without a doubt, the most influential twentieth-century North Central Texas botanist was Lloyd Herbert Shinners (1918–1971) (Fig. 147), a native Canadian who received his botanical training at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Two genera (Shinnersia and Shinnersoseris—both in the Asteraceae) are named in his honor. He collected broadly across the whole state, but particularly in the Dallas area, in the extreme northeastern part of the state, and in western Texas. He came to Southern Methodist University in 1945, became the Director of the Herbarium in 1949, and was on the faculty there until his death (Mahler 1971b). Not only did he almost single-handedly develop the herbarium which today forms the core of the collection at BRIT, but he also created one of the best botanical libraries in the United States, did extensive field work, and published a total of 276 articles and a 514page flora (Flook 1973). His contributions to botanical nomenclature are particularly impressive, totaling 558 new scientific names and combinations (Flook 1973). Among his most lasting achievements are the Spring Flora of the Dallas-Fort Worth Area Texas (Shinners 1958) and the journal, Sida, Contributions to Botany, which he founded in 1962 (Mahler 1973b). Shinners’ Spring Flora was the first completed, original, technical book on Texas plants prepared by a resident of the state. It was extensively used by high schools, colleges, and universities as a textbook for classes and is still in use today. For a synopsis of Shinners’ life, see Mahler (1971b); for a guide to his botanical contributions, see Flook (1973); for a recently published biography, see Ginsburg (2002). Shinners’ appreciation for plants can be seen in the following quote: “…nothing of course can take the place of seeing the plants live, again and again, year after year” (Shinners 1958).
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS
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ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK BATTERBAE,
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We would like to recognize and expr
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ISSN 0833-1475 ISBN 1-889878-12-X S
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“DEEP EAST TEXAS IS AN OLD, QUIET
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Elray S. Nixon E lray Nixon was bor
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS TAB
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TABLE OFCONTENTS/ PAGE APPENDICES A
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Hymenocallis liriosme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS OVE
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4 INTRODUCTION/GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF E
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10 INTRODUCTION/MAJOR RIVERS OF EAS
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12 INTRODUCTION/PLANTS TREATED The
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14 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ARRANGEMEN
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16 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO SOURCES OF
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18 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHIC
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20 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ENDANGERED
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22 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GLOSSARY,
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24 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ABBREVIATI
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26 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DATA ON FLO
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28 INTRODUCTION/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kar
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30 INTRODUCTION/AUTHORS’ NOTE Pre
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32 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
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46 INTRODUCTION/SOILS SOIL ORDER DE
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48 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, EAST TEXAS B
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50 INTRODUCTION/SOIL-RELATED GEOLOG
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60 INTRODUCTION/SOILS OF BLACKLAND
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66 INTRODUCTION/CLIMATE OF EAST TEX
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Forests define East Texas, and to a
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78 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOO
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80 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT, EARL
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88 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT VEGET
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90 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
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106 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
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110 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY AND SOILS
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112 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
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114 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
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116 INTRODUCTION/ PRESETTLEMENT, EA
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118 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF POST
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124 INTRODUCTION/CONDITIONS TODAY O
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128 INTRODUCTION/RED RIVER AREA are
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130 INTRODUCTION/BLACKLAND PRAIRIE
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132 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF BLACKLA
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134 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT AND
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144 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF BLAC
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146 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
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148 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
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150 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE LOCATIO
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152 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE FIG.84/
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154 INTRODUCTION/PRESENT AND FUTURE
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156 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET THE BI
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158 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET GEOGRA
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160 INTRODUCTION/NATURAL HISTORY OF
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172 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DEFINITION
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184 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BIG THI
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190 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN BI
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