ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS - Brit - Botanical Research ...

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Wilbarger WICHITA FALLS Baylor Archer Coleman Kimble Throckmorton Shackelford Callahan McCulloch Mason Llano Kerr Bandera Brown Clay Gillespie Blanco Medina Frio Wichita Young Stephens Eastland San Saba Comanche Mills Kendall Bexar Jack Palo Pinto SAN ANTONIO Atascosa La Salle McMullen Erath Lampasas Hamilton Burnet Comal Montague Parker Hood Wise Somervell Coryell Bosque Bell Travis AUSTIN Hays Guadalupe Wilson 0 0 Karnes Cooke Grayson Denton Collin Tarrant Dallas Johnson Williamson Caldwell 50 100 150 200 Kilometers 50 100 Miles FT. WORTH Hill McLennan WACO TEMPLE Gonzales Bastrop Goliad Dewitt Falls Milam Lee Live Oak Bee Refugio Oklahoma SHERMAN DALLAS Ellis Fayette Lavaca Victoria Rockwall Navarro Limestone Robertson Calhoun GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOODS/INTRODUCTION 77 and clays that originated variously as erosion from the highlands to the north, as littoral (beach and shallow water) deposits, or as marine sediments (Bureau of Economic Geology 1975, 1979, 1993; Turner 1999). From north to south (oldest to youngest), the major Eocene geologic groups are the Midway, Wilcox, Claiborne (including the Yegua, Cook Mountain, Sparta, Weches, Queen City, Reklaw, and Carrizo formations), and Jackson. The uplands surrounding Caddo Lake, a unique bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) swamp ecosystem, and most of the Angelina, Davy Crockett, and Sabine national forests lie within these geologic groups. Topography is generally rolling, and while exposed bedrock is Fannin Washington Hunt Freestone Leon Waller Rains Grimes Lamar Delta Kaufman Van Zandt BRYAN Brazos Burleson Colorado Jackson Austin Wharton Henderson Madison Matagorda PARIS Hopkins Anderson Wood Walker Fort Bend Franklin TYLER Smith Houston HUNTSVILLE Montgomery Red River Titus Camp Cherokee Harris Brazoria Upshur Trinity Gregg San Jacinto HOUSTON Rusk Bowie TEXARKANA Polk Galveston Morris N Liberty Cass Marion Nacogdoches Harrison NACOGDOCHES Angelina Panola Tyler Hardin Chambers Gulf of Mexico Shelby San Augustine Arkansas Jasper Louisiana Sabine Newton Orange BEAUMONT Je erson PORT ARTHUR GALVESTON FIG.41/GENERALIZED MAP OF THE PINEYWOODS VEGETATIONAL AREA.FIGURE PRODUCED BY BRIT/AUSTIN COLLEGE; REPRODUCTION OF THIS IMAGE DOES NOT REQUIRE COPYRIGHT PERMISSION.
78 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF PINEYWOODS FIG.42/ARENIC LONGLEAF PINE UPLANDS FROM ANGELINA NATIONAL FOREST,ANGELINA CO.(PHOTO BY JVK). largely absent, ironstone concretions are locally common. To the south of the Eocene sediments, underlying the extreme southern part of the Angelina and Sabine national forests, are various Oligocene (38–25 million years ago) deposits ranging from sands to clays. They include the sandstone, mudstone, and clay Catahoula formation, which supports several unique plant communities. Topography on the Oligocene sediments is generally rolling to gently rolling (Bureau of Economic Geology 1993; Turner 1999). Continuing southward, the Miocene (25–5 million years ago) and Pliocene (5–2 million years ago) Fleming and Willis formations underlie the Sam Houston National Forest and the northern portions of the Big Thicket National Preserve. Deposits are mainly sands with some silts and clays. The sandy and gravelly Willis Formation is the southernmost of these layers, and its topography undergoes a transition from gently rolling in the north to nearly flat in the south (Bureau of Economic Geology 1992; Turner 1999). The southernmost portion of the Pineywoods, including much of the Big Thicket National Preserve, occurs on the Pleistocene Lissie and Beaumont formations (Bureau of Economic Geology 1992; Turner 1999). Many of these deposits are of river-borne gravels and sands deposited by meltwaters from the continental ice sheets to the north. Topography is nearly flat in this area, which is transitional to the Gulf Prairies and Marshes to the south. River floodplains are a prominent feature of the Pineywoods landscape. They are broad and consist of Pleistocene and Recent (Holocene) sandy, silt, and clay alluvial deposits. East Texas rivers are slow-moving, meander extensively, and tend to be muddy. As a result of the region’s abundant rainfall, they frequently overflow their banks and inundate their floodplains. From northeast to southwest, the major rivers flowing through the Pineywoods include Big and Little Cypress Bayou, the Sabine River, Attoyac Bayou, the Angelina River, the Neches River, the lower Trinity River, and the San Jacinto River. Major water bodies include Wright Patman Lake, Caddo Lake, Lake Livingston, Lake O’ the Pines, Sam Rayburn Reservoir, and Toledo Bend Reservoir. With the exception of Caddo Lake, which originally formed naturally (Barrett 1995; Van Kley & Hine 1998), all East Texas lakes (except for oxbow lakes) are artificial impoundments.
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS
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ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK BATTERBAE,
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We would like to recognize and expr
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ISSN 0833-1475 ISBN 1-889878-12-X S
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“DEEP EAST TEXAS IS AN OLD, QUIET
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Elray S. Nixon E lray Nixon was bor
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS TAB
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TABLE OFCONTENTS/ PAGE APPENDICES A
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Hymenocallis liriosme
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ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS OVE
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4 INTRODUCTION/GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF E
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10 INTRODUCTION/MAJOR RIVERS OF EAS
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12 INTRODUCTION/PLANTS TREATED The
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14 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ARRANGEMEN
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16 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO SOURCES OF
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18 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHIC
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20 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ENDANGERED
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22 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO GLOSSARY,
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24 INTRODUCTION/GUIDE TO ABBREVIATI
Page 43 and 44: 26 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DATA ON FLO
Page 45 and 46: 28 INTRODUCTION/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kar
Page 47 and 48: 30 INTRODUCTION/AUTHORS’ NOTE Pre
Page 49 and 50: 32 INTRODUCTION/GENERAL GEOLOGY OF
Page 63 and 64: 46 INTRODUCTION/SOILS SOIL ORDER DE
Page 65 and 66: 48 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, EAST TEXAS B
Page 67 and 68: 50 INTRODUCTION/SOIL-RELATED GEOLOG
Page 77 and 78: 60 INTRODUCTION/SOILS OF BLACKLAND
Page 83 and 84: 66 INTRODUCTION/CLIMATE OF EAST TEX
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Page 97 and 98: 80 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT, EARL
Page 105 and 106: 88 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT VEGET
Page 107 and 108: 90 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT VEGETATION
Page 123 and 124: 106 INTRODUCTION/POST OAK SAVANNAH
Page 127 and 128: 110 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Page 129 and 130: 112 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
Page 131 and 132: 114 INTRODUCTION/SOILS, FIRE, AND T
Page 133 and 134: 116 INTRODUCTION/ PRESETTLEMENT, EA
Page 135 and 136: 118 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF POST
Page 141 and 142: 124 INTRODUCTION/CONDITIONS TODAY O
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128 INTRODUCTION/RED RIVER AREA are
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130 INTRODUCTION/BLACKLAND PRAIRIE
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132 INTRODUCTION/GEOLOGY OF BLACKLA
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134 INTRODUCTION/PRESETTLEMENT AND
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144 INTRODUCTION/VEGETATION OF BLAC
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146 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
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148 INTRODUCTION/FUTURE OF BLACKLAN
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150 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE LOCATIO
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152 INTRODUCTION/CADDO LAKE FIG.84/
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154 INTRODUCTION/PRESENT AND FUTURE
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156 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET THE BI
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158 INTRODUCTION/BIG THICKET GEOGRA
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160 INTRODUCTION/NATURAL HISTORY OF
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172 INTRODUCTION/SUMMARY DEFINITION
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184 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BIG THI
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190 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN BI
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200 INTRODUCTION/ORIGIN AND DIVERSI
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228 INTRODUCTION/CONSERVATION IN EA
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234 INTRODUCTION/HISTORY OF BOTANY
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244 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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246 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY IN NORTH CE
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248 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT UNIVERSI
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250 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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252 INTRODUCTION/BOTANY AT TEXAS A&
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254 INTRODUCTION/OTHER CONTRIBUTION
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256 INTRODUCTION/CURRENT BOTANICAL
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258 INTRODUCTION/BOTANICAL ART IN E
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