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PE2379 ch02.qxd 24/1/02 16:04 Page 106<br />

conference interpretation<br />

teacher and a student or a small group <strong>of</strong> students in which work being<br />

undertaken is discussed. For example in a writing class a student may<br />

present a collection <strong>of</strong> his or her writing in a portfolio and discuss the<br />

selection in the portfolio, difficulties encountered, and strengths and<br />

weaknesses. The teacher gives feedback on progress, suggested improvements,<br />

etc.<br />

conference interpretation n<br />

see INTERPRETER<br />

confidence interval n<br />

also CI<br />

a range <strong>of</strong> values with a lower and an upper limit between which an<br />

unknown population parameter value is expected to lie with a certain<br />

degree <strong>of</strong> probability. For example, a 95% confidence interval indicates<br />

that we are 95% confident (or there is a 95% probability) that an<br />

unknown population parameter value will fall within that interval. The<br />

wider the CI, the more confident we are that it is likely to contain the<br />

population parameter value.<br />

confirmatory factor analysis n<br />

see FACTOR ANALYSIS<br />

conjoining n conjoin v<br />

(in GENERATIVE GRAMMAR), a term used for the linking together <strong>of</strong> words,<br />

phrases, or clauses, etc., which are <strong>of</strong> equal status. For example:<br />

John likes apples and pears<br />

Betty went to the butcher’s and to the supermarket.<br />

see also CONJUNCTION, EMBEDDING<br />

conjugation 1 n<br />

a class <strong>of</strong> verbs which follow the same pattern for changes in TENSE,<br />

PERSON, or NUMBER. For example, in French there are four regular conjugations<br />

as well as irregular verbs. The verbs donner “to give”, parler “to<br />

speak”, chercher “to look for”, etc., are described as belonging to the -er<br />

(or 1st) conjugation.<br />

conjugation 2 n conjugate v<br />

the way in which a particular verb changes (conjugates) for TENSE,<br />

PERSON, or NUMBER. For example, the French verb donner “to give”: je<br />

donne “I give”, nous donnons “we give”, je donnerai “I shall give”, j’ ai<br />

donné “I have given, I gave”.<br />

106

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