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PE2379 ch07.qxd 24/1/02 16:08 Page 539<br />

TAGMEMEs displaying relationships between grammatical functions and<br />

classes <strong>of</strong> linguistic items which can fill these functions (fillers).<br />

talk-in-interaction n<br />

see CONVERSATION ANALYSIS<br />

tap n<br />

See FLAP<br />

task<br />

target language 1 n<br />

also L2<br />

(in language teaching) the language which a person is learning, in contrast<br />

to a FIRST LANGUAGE or mother tongue.<br />

target language 2 n<br />

the language into which a translation is made (e.g. in a bilingual dictionary).<br />

see also SOURCE LANGUAGE 2<br />

target situation n<br />

in language curriculum development and LSP, the situation or setting in<br />

which the student will have to use the target language. This may be a<br />

study or work situation or any context in which the learner needs to use<br />

the language. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the communicative and linguistic demands <strong>of</strong><br />

the target situation is an essential phase in NEEDS ANALYSIS.<br />

see SITUATION ANALYSIS<br />

task n<br />

(in teaching) an activity which is designed to help achieve a particular<br />

learning goal. A number <strong>of</strong> dimensions <strong>of</strong> tasks influence their use in language<br />

teaching. These include:<br />

goals – the kind <strong>of</strong> goals teachers and learners identify for a task<br />

procedures – the operations or procedures learners use to complete a task<br />

order – the location <strong>of</strong> a task within a sequence <strong>of</strong> other tasks<br />

pacing – the amount <strong>of</strong> time that is spent on a task<br />

product – the outcome or outcomes students produce, such as a set <strong>of</strong><br />

questions, an essay, or a summary as the outcome <strong>of</strong> a reading task<br />

learning strategy – the kind <strong>of</strong> strategy a student uses when completing a<br />

task<br />

assessment – how success on the task will be determined<br />

participation – whether the task is completed individually, with a partner,<br />

or with a group <strong>of</strong> other learners<br />

539

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