Longman Dictionary of

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coefficient of determination
coefficient of determination n
also r 2
a measure of the amount of variability shared or predicted by two VARI-
ABLEs 2 . It is equal to the square of r (r = coefficient of CORRELATION). For
example, a correlation coefficient of + .70 indicates that 49% of the variability
is shared by the two variables, i.e. 51% of the variability is not
shared or predicted by the variables.
cognate n, adj
a word in one language which is similar in form and meaning to a word
in another language because both languages are related. For example
English brother and German Bruder.
Sometimes words in two languages are similar in form and meaning but
are BORROWINGS and not cognate forms.
For example, kampuni in the African language Swahili is a borrowing
from English company.
see also FALSE COGNATE
cognition n cognitive adj
the various mental processes used in thinking, remembering, perceiving,
recognizing, classifying, etc.
see also COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
cognitive academic language proficiency n
also CALP
a hypothesis proposed by Cummins which describes the special kind of
second language proficiency which students need in order to perform
school learning tasks. Cummins suggests that many classroom tasks are
cognitively demanding and often have to be solved independently by the
learner without support from the context. The ability to carry out such
tasks in a second language is known as CALP. Cummins contrasts this kind
of language proficiency with Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills
(BICS). This refers to the language proficiency needed to perform other
kinds of tasks which are not directly related to learning academic content,
such as interpersonal communication. Interpersonal and social communication
is relatively undemanding cognitively and relies on context to clarify
meaning. According to Cummins, different kinds of tests are needed to
measure CALP and BICS, and a learner’s skill in BICS does not predict performance
on CALP.
cognitive code approach n
an approach to second and foreign language teaching which was proposed
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