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PE2379 ch02.qxd 24/1/02 16:04 Page 67<br />

event, the media used for communicating content, the manner in which<br />

the media are used, and the areas <strong>of</strong> content that are communicated.<br />

Other approaches allow researchers to develop separate category systems<br />

for different research sites and research questions.<br />

see also INTERACTION ANALYSIS, HIGH INFERENCE CATEGORY<br />

catenation n catenate v<br />

the linking <strong>of</strong> sounds together in speech, such as the grouping <strong>of</strong><br />

phonemes into SYLLABLES, and the grouping <strong>of</strong> syllables and words<br />

through ASSIMILATION 1 , ELISION, and JUNCTURE. Languages differ in the<br />

way they combine sounds. Two languages may share many sounds, but<br />

combine them in different ways. Spanish learners <strong>of</strong> English for example<br />

may pronounce steak as /esteIk/, because although Spanish has the combination<br />

/-st/ after a stressed vowel it does not have it before one.<br />

causative verb n<br />

a verb which shows that someone or something brings about or causes an<br />

action or a state.<br />

For example, in:<br />

Peter killed the rabbit.<br />

killed is a causative verb, but in:<br />

The rabbit died.<br />

died is not.<br />

Some languages <strong>of</strong>ten form causative verbs from non-causative verbs by<br />

adding affixes, e.g. in Malay:<br />

Gelas itu jatuh ke lantai<br />

glass the fall to floor<br />

“The glass fell to the floor.”<br />

Dia menjatuhkan gelas itu<br />

He cause to fall glass the<br />

“He dropped the glass.”<br />

Causative verbs are always TRANSITIVE.<br />

see also INCHOATIVE VERB<br />

cause-effect method n<br />

see METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT<br />

CBT n<br />

an abbreviation for COMPUTER-BASED TEST(ING)<br />

CCR n<br />

see CLASSROOM-CENTRED RESEARCH<br />

CCR<br />

67

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