Longman Dictionary of

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phrase
A phrasal-prepositional verb consists of a verb, an adverb particle, and
a PREPOSITION:
We must cut down on expenses.
They put their failure down to bad advice.
The meaning of some of these verbal constructions can be guessed from
the meanings of their parts (e.g. cut down on). But the meaning of others
is idiomatic (e.g. put down to).
Nowadays the term “phrasal verb” is often used to include phrasal verbs,
prepositional verbs, and phrasal-prepositional verbs.
see also IDIOM
phrase n
see CLAUSE
phrase-marker n
also P-marker
a representation of the structure of a phrase or sentence.
see also TREE DIAGRAM
phrase structure n
also constituent structure, syntactic structure
a representation of the set of constituents that an expression contains. For
example, the constituents of the English noun phrase this big house are the
demonstrative this the adjective big the noun house. Phrase structure
is usually represented in terms of a labelled bracketing or a tree diagram.
phrase-structure grammar n
a grammar which analyzes the structure of different sentence types in a
language. It consists of phrase-structure rules which specify the constituency
of syntactic categories. For example, one phrase-structure rule
specifies that a noun phrase (NP) can be expanded or “rewritten as” (Art)
(Adj) N (PP), that is, an optional article plus an optional adjective plus a
noun plus an optional prepositional phrase. The structure of sentences
generated by such rules is often illustrated by a TREE DIAGRAM.
400
S
(Sentence)
NP VP
(noun phrase) (verb phrase)
DET N V ADV
(determiner) (noun) (verb) (adverb)
the parrot shriked noisily