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PE2379 ch05.qxd 24/1/02 16:06 Page 371<br />

which can be observed and measured is known as a BEHAVIOURAL<br />

OBJECTIVE.<br />

objective case n<br />

also object case<br />

the noun or noun PHRASE 1 that refers to whoever or whatever has the<br />

most neutral relationship to the action <strong>of</strong> the verb is in the objective<br />

case.<br />

The noun or noun phrase in the objective case neither performs the<br />

action, nor is the instrument <strong>of</strong> the action.<br />

For example, in the sentences:<br />

They sliced the sausage with a knife.<br />

The sausage sliced easily.<br />

The sausage was thick.<br />

the sausage is neither agent (like they) nor instrument (like a knife).<br />

It is in the objective case.<br />

The notion <strong>of</strong> the objective case is related to the traditional notion <strong>of</strong><br />

OBJECT 1 . But not everything in the objective case would be an object, nor<br />

would all objects be considered to be in the objective case.<br />

see also CASE GRAMMAR<br />

objective marking n<br />

see OBJECTIVE SCORING<br />

observation schedules<br />

objective test n<br />

a test that can be scored objectively (i.e. scored without the use <strong>of</strong> the<br />

examiner’s personal judgement), which may be contrasted with a SUBJEC-<br />

TIVE TEST. Tests that consist <strong>of</strong> TRUE–FALSE and MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMs are<br />

examples <strong>of</strong> objective tests.<br />

objective test item n<br />

a test item that requires the choice <strong>of</strong> a single correct answer, such as a<br />

MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEM or a TRUE–FALSE ITEM.<br />

observation n<br />

in language classrooms, the purposeful examination <strong>of</strong> teaching and/or<br />

learning events through systematic processes <strong>of</strong> data collection and analysis.<br />

Observation <strong>of</strong> teaching is a widely used activity in teacher education<br />

programmes.<br />

observation schedules n<br />

in classroom observation, analytic instruments (documents) used to<br />

371

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