Longman Dictionary of

PE2379 ch05.qxd 24/1/02 16:06 Page 378
oralist
oralist n
see SIGN LANGUAGE
order of acquisition n
also acquisition order
the order in which linguistic forms, rules, and items are acquired in firstor
second-language learning.
see also LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, NATURAL ORDER HYPOTHESIS
ordinal scale n
see SCALE
orientation 1 n
see ATTENTION
orientation 2 n
see MOTIVATION
orientation 3
see LISTENING COMPREHENSION
orthography n orthographic adj
The term “orthography” is used:
1 for spelling in general.
2 for correct or standard spelling
For some languages, the orthography is based on generally accepted
usage and is not prescribed by an official body. For other languages,
e.g. Swedish, it is laid down by official or semi-official organizations.
Like the term “spelling” itself, the term “orthography” is more likely
to be used of alphabetic writing than of syllabic writing, and is
unlikely to be used of character-based writing systems (see WRITING
SYSTEMs).
other repair n
see REPAIR
outcomes-based teaching/education n
also standards-based education
an approach to education and curriculum development which involves
(a) describing the learning outcomes that students should know at the
end of a course of instruction (b) devising a curriculum to help them
achieve the outcomes (c) using the outcomes achieved as a measure of
378