Longman Dictionary of

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articulation n articulate v
the production of speech sounds in the mouth and throat (see VOCAL
TRACT). In describing and analyzing speech sounds a distinction is made
between the MANNER OF ARTICULATION and the PLACE OF ARTICULATION.
articulator n
a part of the mouth, nose, or throat which is used in producing speech,
e.g. the tongue, lips, alveolar ridge, etc.
see also PLACE OF ARTICULATION
articulatory loop n
see WORKING MEMORY
articulatory setting n
the overall posture, position or characteristic movements of the organs of
speech typical of a particular language or dialect. For example, speakers
of English make much more active use of both lip and tongue movements
than speakers of some languages (Japanese, for example), while Arabic
has many consonants formed towards the back of the oral cavity, producing
an overall “heavier” velarized or pharyngealized sound (see
VELARIZATION, PHARYNGEALIZATION).
articulatory phonetics n
see PHONETICS
artificial language
artificial intelligence n
also AI
the ability of machines to carry out functions that are normally
associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, correcting,
making self-improvements and learning through experience. Computer
programmers try to create programs which have this capacity.
artificial language 1 n
also auxiliary language
a language which has been invented for a particular purpose, and
which has no NATIVE SPEAKERS.
For example, Esperanto was invented by L. L. Zamenhof and was
intended to be learned as a second language and used for international
communication.
Artificial languages are also invented for experiments on aspects of
natural language use.
see also NATURAL LANGUAGE
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