Longman Dictionary of

PE2379 ch06.qxd 24/1/02 16:07 Page 525
judgement of the marker), such as an essay examination, which may be
contrasted with an OBJECTIVE TEST.
subjunctive n
see MOOD
submersion education n
a term which is sometimes used to describe a situation in which English
second language students are placed in regular classrooms and compete
with native speakers, and are given no special assistance with English –
i.e. a kind of “sink or swim approach”. Few adaptations are made to meet
the students’ special needs and the goal is to ensure that the students learn
English as quickly as possible.
submersion programme n
a form of BILINGUAL EDUCATION in which the language of instruction is not
the FIRST LANGUAGE of some of the children, but is the first language of
others. This happens in many countries where immigrant children enter
school and are taught in the language of the host country.
see also IMMERSION PROGRAMME
subordinate clause n
another term for DEPENDENT CLAUSE
subordinating conjunction n
see CONJUNCTION
subordination n
see CONJUNCTION
subordinator n
see CONJUNCTION
subset principle n
see LEARNABILITY THEORY
substandard
substandard adj
a term which expresses a negative value judgement on any part of the
speech or writing of a person or group that does not conform to the STAN-
DARD VARIETY of a language and is therefore thought to be undesirable.
For example, the double negative used in some dialects of English:
I don’t know nothing.
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