Longman Dictionary of

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strategy
stop n
also plosive
a speech sound (a CONSONANT) which is produced by stopping the
airstream from the lungs and then suddenly releasing it.
For example, /p/ is a BILABIAL stop, formed by stopping the air with the
lips and then releasing it.
see also CONSONANT, MANNER OF ARTICULATION, PLACE OF ARTICULATION
story grammar n
a theory of the cognitive representation of narrative texts, including
simple stories, folk tales, fables and narratives. Some or all of the characteristics
of the structure of stories is said to be incorporated into people’s
knowledge systems as a SCHEMA for stories. This describes the elements
common to most stories, the kinds of situations, events, actors, actions
and goals that occur in stories and the interrelationships among the
elements of a story. People access story grammars consciously or unconsciously
when encountering different types of stories. This serves as a
source of prediction, inferencing, comparison, evaluation in understanding
and following stories and narratives
strategic competence n
an aspect of COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE which describes the ability of
speakers to use verbal and non-verbal communication strategies (see COM-
MUNICATION STRATEGY) tocompensate for breakdowns in communication
or to improve the effectiveness of communication. For example, a learner
may lack a particular word or structure and have to use a PARAPHRASE or
circumlocution to compensate, or a speaker may use a deliberately slow
and soft manner of speaking to create a particular effect on a listener.
see also DISCOURSE COMPETENCE
strategic plan n
in an organization, a description of the long-term vision and goals of an
organization and the means it will undertake for fulfilling them. In language
teaching, strategic planning is viewed as a crucial aspect of institutional
development, particularly in the private sector.
strategy n
procedures used in learning, thinking, etc., which serve as a way of reaching
a goal. In language learning, learning strategies (see LEARNING STRAT-
EGY) and communication strategies (see COMMUNICATION STRATEGY) are
those conscious or unconscious processes which language learners make
use of in learning and using a language.
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