Longman Dictionary of

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in preference to other possible models because of affective factors. For
example, second language learners might hear English spoken by many
different groups (e.g. parents, teachers, different social and ethnic groups)
but model their own speech on only one of these, such as the speech of
their friends of the same group (= their PEER GROUP).
affective meaning n
another term for CONNOTATION
affective variable n
see COGNITIVE VARIABLE
African American English
affix n
a letter or sound, or group of letters or sounds (= a MORPHEME),
which is added to a word, and which changes the meaning or function
of the word.
Affixes are BOUND FORMS that can be added:
a to the beginning of a word (= a prefix), e.g. English un- which
usually changes the meaning of a word to its opposite: kind – unkind
b to the end of a word (= a suffix), e.g. English -ness which usually
changes an adjective into a noun: kind – kindness
c within a word (= an infix), e.g. Tagalog -um- which shows that a verb
is in the past tense: sulat “to write” – sumulat “wrote”
see also COMBINING FORM
affricate n affricated adj
a speech sound (a CONSONANT) which is produced by stopping the
airstream from the lungs, and then slowly releasing it with friction. The
first part of an affricate is similar to a STOP, the second part is similar to
a FRICATIVE.
For example, in English the /t‹/ in /t‹aIld/ child, and the /dÔ/ in /dÔìm/
jam are affricates.
see also MANNER OF ARTICULATION, PLACE OF ARTICULATION
African American English n
also AAE, African American Vernacular English (AAVE), Black English
(BE), Black English Vernacular (BEV), Ebonics
a variety of English spoken by some African Americans, particularly those
living in concentrated urban areas. There are conflicting views on the
origin of African American English. Some claim that is similar to varieties
of English spoken by whites in the southern states (therefore, clearly a
dialect of English), while others consider it to be a CREOLE, independently
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