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PRIVILEGE-GRANTING AUTHORITIES IN FRANCE 1522) by Vincent de Portonariis at Lyon. Jean de Channey immediately heard of this and appointed a procureur 'pour poursuivre tous ceux qui en violation de son privilege detiendraient ou colporteraient le susdit traite' (5 January I523). 1 But privileges given on papal authority alone were considered to be of doubtful validity in France. 2 1 Archives de Vaucluse, Notaires (fonds Pons) no. 2082, f. 6V , cited by P. Pansier, Histoire du lime a Avignon, 3 vols. (Avignon, 1922), 11, pp. 71 and 82. 2 Cf. above, p. 13. Later, foreign publishers with an eye to the French market, e.g. those of Basle, sometimes took the precaution of obtaining privileges from the King of France. See also Albert Labarre, 'Editions et privileges d'Andre Wechel a Francfort et a Hanau 15821627', Gutenberg- Jahrbuch, 1970, pp. 238-50. 62
3 SEEKING AND GRANTING PRIVILEGES: FORMS, CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES THE FIRST STEP towards obtaining a privilege was for the applicant to draw related to new up a requete or petition. Though the concession being sought circumstances, the presentation of the requete followed a time-honoured form. Whatever the authority applied to, the applicant began 'Supplie humblement . . .', referring to himself in the third person, and proceeded to set out the favour he desired and his reasons for requesting it. Initially at least, the petitioner would probably seek the help of a lawyer in drafting the petition. Frequent privilege-seekers like Jean Petit or Galliot Du Pre soon had previous applications which they had only to look up and copy. The submission of the requete was probably effected through the intermediary of a procureur. THE ROYAL CHANCERY: LETTERS PATENT If the petition was submitted to the royal chancery, it was addressed to the king himself. In due course the Letters Patent, if granted, were likewise written as from the king ('Louis par la grace de Dieu etc.'), to the royal officials, notifying them of his decision to accede to the applicant's request, and instructing them to enforce, if so required by the applicant, the measures taken in his favour. All Letters Patent had to be authenticated by the secretary who had drawn them up, and most printers who displayed the text of their privilege or a careful summary of it were particular to include the name of the secretary who had signed it and the form he had used to record his authority for so doing. In those of which the complete text is printed, three formulae are commonly found throughout the period: 'Par le Roy a la relation du Conseil' (twenty-one examples), 'Par le Roy a vostre relation' (twenty examples), and simply 'Par le Roy' (sixteen examples). The first meant that the grant had been authorised by the King's Council. The second invoked the authority of the chancellor, the words 'yours' and 'you' being used because the document would be submitted to him for approval and for the imposition of the seal. The third, which seems to have been signed mainly by very senior officials, had been prepared in the absence of direct instructions from the Council or the chancellor, in the light of the secretary's knowledge of practice and precedents. In four cases one of 63
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BEFORE COPYRIGHT THE FRENCH BOOK-PR
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BEFORE COPYRIGHT THE FRENCH BOOK-PR
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To John
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CONTENTS 4 Grounds for seeking and
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ILLUSTRATIONS 1 Printer's mark of G
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PREFACE editions of which a copy or
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indeb
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SIGLA AND ABBREVIATIONS CODE-NUMBER
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1 ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF BOOK-P
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GERMANY AND ITALY of such a privile
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GERMANY AND ITALY ten years for his
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SPAIN, FRANCE, PORTUGAL ETC. privil
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SPAIN, FRANCE, PORTUGAL ETC. repeat
Page 33 and 34: THE PAPACY Henry VIII, and the Daup
Page 35 and 36: 1 Nuremberg and to Geneva. 2 THE EM
Page 37 and 38: THE EMPIRE AND THE LOW COUNTRIES le
Page 39 and 40: THE EMPIRE AND THE LOW COUNTRIES by
Page 41 and 42: THE EMPIRE AND THE LOW COUNTRIES ic
Page 43 and 44: 2 PRIVILEGE-GRANTING AUTHORITIES IN
Page 45 and 46: Plate i Printer's mark of Guillaume
Page 47 and 48: THE ROYAL CHANCERY indeed two who a
Page 49 and 50: THE ROYAL CHANCERY last renewed in
Page 51 and 52: THE ROYAL CHANCERY his capital city
Page 53 and 54: THE ROYAL CHANCERY work, the Tracta
Page 55 and 56: THE SOVEREIGN COURTS July) before g
Page 57 and 58: THE SOVEREIGN COURTS even enabled i
Page 59 and 60: THE SOVEREIGN COURTS The first appl
Page 61 and 62: THE SOVEREIGN COURTS Major, publish
Page 63 and 64: JBeftitfeDeUi court* C** attWcte co
Page 65 and 66: THE SOVEREIGN COURTS accustomed to
Page 67 and 68: THE SOVEREIGN COURTS received its p
Page 69 and 70: THE SOVEREIGN COURTS bookselling. T
Page 71 and 72: THE PREVOT OF PARIS AND OFFICERS IN
Page 77 and 78: ACADEMIC AND ECCLESIASTICAL priuill
Page 79 and 80: ACADEMIC AND ECCLESIASTICAL Evreux
Page 81 and 82: ACADEMIC AND ECCLESIASTICAL authori
Page 83: ACADEMIC AND ECCLESIASTICAL product
Page 87 and 88: THE ROYAL CHANCERY: LETTERS PATENT
Page 89 and 90: THE ROYAL CHANCERY: LETTERS PATENT
Page 91 and 92: PARLEMENT: ARRETS recorded with the
Page 93 and 94: ROYAL OFFICERS: LETTERS PATENT, ORD
Page 95 and 96: CONDITIONS: INSTANCES OF PRICE-CONT
Page 97 and 98: PERSONAL APPROACHES four s.p. for a
Page 99 and 100: PERSONAL APPROACHES of the book wit
Page 101 and 102: FAIR RETURN, AND OTHER ARGUMENTS FA
Page 103 and 104: FAIR RETURN, AND OTHER ARGUMENTS wh
Page 105 and 106: FAIR RETURN, AND OTHER ARGUMENTS la
Page 107 and 108: FAIR RETURN, AND OTHER ARGUMENTS li
Page 109 and 110: FAIR RETURN, AND OTHER ARGUMENTS re
Page 111 and 112: FAIR RETURN, AND OTHER ARGUMENTS to
Page 113 and 114: FAIR RETURN, AND OTHER ARGUMENTS en
Page 115 and 116: THE CRITERION OF NEWNESS books had
Page 117 and 118: THE CRITERION OF NEWNESS To what ex
Page 119 and 120: THE CRITERION OF NEWNESS sought whi
Page 121 and 122: THE CRITERION OF NEWNESS publique e
Page 123 and 124: THE ROYAL CHANCERY in this category
Page 125 and 126: THE ROYAL CHANCERY 3) , 'nous humbl
Page 127 and 128: THE PARLEMENT OF PARIS logian's obj
Page 129 and 130: THE PARLEMENT OF PARIS edition of t
Page 131 and 132: THE PARLEMENT OF PARIS To print unw
Page 133 and 134: THE PARLEMENT OF PARIS they reporte
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THE PREVOT OF PARIS AND OFFICERS IN
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DURATION OF PRIVILEGES substantial
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DURATION OF PRIVILEGES or a formula
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DURATION OF PRIVILEGES In the case
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HOW RECKONED To sum up: the practic
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HOW RECKONED which there were only
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TWO OR MORE BOOKS; PACKAGE PRIVILEG
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CHOICE OF POSITION; IN FULL OR SUMM
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CHOICE OF POSITION; IN FULL OR SUMM
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PRESENTATION end of the book. Of th
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Roy noftre fire a done SC odroye a
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PRESENTATION CH 1514, 4). The devic
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PRESEXTATION motmmf f* ctfttfifft &
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t fdgfhbaWgtf/finit btct (tbc paf>
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PRIVILEGES IN LATIN; SPECIAL CASES
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DELETION IN CERTAIN COPIES guished
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DELETION IN CERTAIN COPIES There we
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8 THE RANGE OF INTERESTS REFLECTED
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RELIGION Eustace brought out an imp
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RELIGION Origen. Thus set up, his e
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LAW AND POLITICAL THEORY Magdalen w
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knowledge might also qualify, even
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fe mere (mWo; 6tKb cite j&air// gou
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HISTORY AND CURRENT EVENTS obtained
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HISTORY AND CURRENT EVENTS contre l
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PHILOSOPHY philosopher, a learned a
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LITERATURE OF ENTERTAINMENT there n
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honneur, by Olivier de La Marche, 1
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THE CLASSICS AND EDUCATION Triste i
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MEDICINE; GEOGRAPHY; MATHEMATICS hi
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9 OWNERSHIP, ENFORCEMENT AND EFFICA
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OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER OF PRIVILEGE
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PENALTIES AND LAWSUITS faict au con
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PENALTIES AND LAWSUITS complaining
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REPRINTS AFTER EXPIRY OF A PRIVILEG
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REPRINTS AFTER EXPIRY OF A PRIVILEG
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PRIVILEGES NOT OBTAINED Lefevre, wi
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EXTENSION OF THE PRIVILEGE-SYSTEM f
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CONCLUSION coupled with leave to re
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ROYAL CHANCERY ROYAL CHANCERY CH 14
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CH 1511, i Col. 28 June CH 1511, 2
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ROYAL CHANCERY CH 1512, 2 To Jean L
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CH 1513, 5 Place and date not known
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CH 1515, i A To Jehan Falcon, autho
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ROYAL CHANCERY 3. Papa (Guido) Trac
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CH 1517,2 Paris, 2 February CHi 5 i
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CH I 5 l8, I Amboise, 27 January CH
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CH 1518, 7 Col. 14 July and 26 Octo
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ROYAL CHANCERY CH 1519, 6 To Regnau
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CH 1520, i To Michel Le Noir ROYAL
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CH 1520, 10 Amboise, 10 November CH
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CH 1522, 2 Col. June CH 1522, 3 Lyo
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CH 1524, i To Josse Badius, Col. i
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ROYAL CHANCERY Selected privileges
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ROYAL CHANCERY 10 Compendium hystor
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PA 1507, i 1 7 June PA 1508, i PA 1
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PA 1510, 3 r 3 J u ly PA 1510, 4 13
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PA 1512, 4 12 May PA 1512, 5 15 May
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PARLEMENTS AND OTHER SOVEREIGN COUR
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PA 1514, 5 4 May PA 1514, 6 6 May P
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PA 1518, 4 1 6 April PARLEMENTS AND
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PA 1519, 5 Col. 19 Dec. PA 1520, i
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PA 1521, 4 13 August PA 1521, 5 8 O
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PA 1522, 7 21 June PA 1523, i Col.
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PA 1525, 2 23 March PA 1525, 3 8 Ap
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PR 1509, 3 PR 1509, 4* PR 1509, 5*
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PR 1514, 2 17 August PR 1514, 3 25
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PR 1517, i 2 March PR 1517,2 1 6 Ap
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PR I 5 I 9) 2 i 8 February PR 1519,
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PR 1520, 10 Col. 23 October PR 1520
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PR 1523, i To Galliot Du Pre, ROYAL
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PR 1525, 4 Col. December PR 1526, i
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APPENDIX TO REGISTER Known books pr
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KNOWN BOOKS PRINTED CUM PRIVILEGIO
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KKOWX BOOKS PKJSSTED CUM PKIVILECIO
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Aubert, F. 'M
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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Seguin. J. P.
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INDEX OF PUBLISHERS, PRINTERS AND B
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INDEX OF PUBLISHERS, PRINTERS AND B
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Aurelius, Cornelius, Die cronycke v
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Charles V, emperor, 15, 16, 18, 19,
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Field of the Cloth of Gold, 123, 16
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Lefevre d'Etaples, Jacques, 97, 148
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ordonnances, 35, 42, 45, 47, 48, 55
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Saint-Denis, abbey of, 177 Saint-Ge
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KJV5973 .A87 1990 Before copyright
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