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PERSONAL APPROACHES<br />

four s.p. for a guide book to Italy with a map (PA 1515, 4), eight s.p. for a<br />

chronicle of Savoy (PA 1516, 4), fourteen s.p. for Aristotle's Phisica with a new<br />

translation (PA 1518, 7), the latter price being explicitly for copies 'en blanc',<br />

that is, in sheets, books only being on sale ready bound which like the Coutumes<br />

were in constant demand. The highest price fixed during this period in limes<br />

parisis is twenty s.p. for Guillaume Fillastre on the Golden Fleece (PA 1516, 5)<br />

and the lowest is twelve d.p. for the synodal statutes of Orleans (PA 1525, 6).<br />

The Prevot of Paris never at this period set a maximum price. He did however<br />

occasionally make it a condition that the publisher should sell it at a<br />

reasonable price: 'pourveu que icelluy Du Pre mette ledict livre a juste prix'<br />

raisonnable et<br />

(PR 1520, 5); 'pourveu que ledit Aubry vende ledit livre a pris<br />

non excessif (PR 1521, 4; PR 1523, 5).<br />

Just after the end of the period here studied, the provincial Parlements<br />

show some signs of wishing to regulate the price of the books for which they<br />

gave privileges. The Parlement of Toulouse used the expression 'le vendre et<br />

adenerer a prix competent et raisonnable' (PA 1527, i). The Echiquier of<br />

Rouen, and adjudicating in a case of conflicting requetes for a privilege in the<br />

antiphoner of the diocese of Rouen, which must have been a costly book to<br />

produce, with music, for use in the choir, was to fix a maximum price of four<br />

l.t. for a copy on paper and twenty-two l.t. for a copy on parchment: 'Pourveu<br />

qu'ilz ne les pourroient vendre c'est assavoir ceulx imprimez en parchemin au<br />

dessus de vingt deux livres tournois et ceulx imprimez en papier au dessus de<br />

quatre livres tournois piece' (PA 1527, 3).<br />

The stipulation that the privileged book should be sold at a reasonable price<br />

was not accompanied by the threat of any specific penalty for disregarding it,<br />

as was the condition that a named maximum price should not be exceeded.<br />

But it may have enabled members of the trade and of the public to lodge a<br />

complaint if they thought the beneficiary or his agents were charging an<br />

exorbitant amount for it.<br />

PERSONAL APPROACHES<br />

An expedient which occurred very naturally to certain authors seeking a<br />

privilege from the royal chancery, especially lawyers and royal officials, was to<br />

offer the dedication of the book in question to the chancellor. If the chancellor<br />

accepted the dedication, he might be expected to look favourably on the<br />

request for privilege. Thus Louis XII's chancellor Jean de Ganay received<br />

the dedication of the Coutume of Bourges edited and provided with a<br />

commentary by Nicole Bohier (CH 1509, i (2)), which was included in a<br />

privilege issued to Bohier by the chancery at Lyon on i June 1509,<br />

and of the<br />

Tractatuson the powers of the king's council by Jean Montaigne (CH 1512, 3),<br />

granted a privilege at Blois on 3 June 1512. Jean de Ganay had been first<br />

president of the Parlement of Paris before his elevation to the chancellorship<br />

75

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