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A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

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THE CARBON COMPOUNDS. 167<br />

DERIVATIVES OF TMMETHTt-MBIHANE.<br />

Isobutyl Alcohol ~j£ j- CH.OHg.OH occurs in <strong>the</strong> same fusel-oil in<br />

which propyl alcohol is found, and is present in a larger quantity.<br />

To obtain it pure, that portion which after repeated fractional distillation<br />

boils between 105° and 115° is by means <strong>of</strong> phosphorus and<br />

iodine converted into <strong>the</strong> iodide, which by repeated distillation is<br />

freed from <strong>the</strong> iodides <strong>of</strong> propyl and amyl.<br />

Isobutyl iodide boils at 121°. By converting it into <strong>the</strong> acetate<br />

and heating this ethtt with caustic potash, pure isobvttyl alcohol<br />

is obtained as a colourless liquid, which refracts light strongly and<br />

smells like fusel-oil; it boils at 108°.<br />

CH )<br />

Isohutyric Acid QJJ S >• CH.C0.0H is obtained by oxidizing isobutyl<br />

alcohol, and exists in oarob, <strong>the</strong> fruit <strong>of</strong> Geratonia siliqua; it boila<br />

at 153°, and smells like common butyric acid, but less unpleasant.<br />

From <strong>the</strong> latter acid it not only differs by its lower boiling-point, but<br />

also by <strong>the</strong> properties <strong>of</strong> its salts. Calcium isohttyrate (C.HjO^TJa<br />

+ 3H?O crystallizes in prisms which are inuoh more soluble in hot<br />

than m cold water.<br />

Lsobutyric acid has also been prepared syn<strong>the</strong>tically in two ways.<br />

Its nitrile is obtained by heating potassium cyanide with isopropyl<br />

iodide, and on boiling this nitrile with caustic potash isobutyric<br />

acid is formed:—<br />

} CH.CN + 2H2O - £2* J CH.C0.0H + NHs<br />

Ethyl isobutyrate is formed by acting with methyl iodide upon<br />

disodacetio e<strong>the</strong>r :—<br />

Na2CH.CO.OC2HB + 2CH3I = (CH8)i!CH.CO.C2HB + 2NaI<br />

Isobulylamine (CHj^CH.CHj.KH, has been obtained by distilling<br />

a mixture <strong>of</strong> potassium isobutylsulphate and potassium cyanate, and<br />

treating <strong>the</strong> product with caustic potash. It is a liquid boiling<br />

at 67°.<br />

CH8<br />

Tertiary BvJLyl Alcohol, or THmdhyl CarUnol CHS \ COH.—When<br />

CHj<br />

one molecule <strong>of</strong> zinc-methyl is added gradually to two molecules <strong>of</strong><br />

acetyl chloride, dimethyl ketone ia formed; but on adding two<br />

molecules <strong>of</strong> zinc methyl to one <strong>of</strong> aoetyl chloride, <strong>the</strong> liquid becomes<br />

converted after a few days into white crystals, which are formed by<br />

<strong>the</strong> addition, <strong>of</strong> zinc-methyl to acetone, in a similar manner to that<br />

in which acetone combines with one molecule <strong>of</strong> hydrogen:—

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