A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

THE CARBON COMPOUNDS. 33
Of the fifth member CjH^ three isoraevic forms are possible,
which are also known :—
CH8 CH8CH8 CHS
CH2 CH CH3-C—CH8
I:!H2 CHS CHS
UH,
CH3
CHS
Amongst the higher members the number of possible isomerides
increases rapidly.
In the same way the isomerides existing amongst the non-saturated
hydrocarbons are constituted, bit the number of isomerides which
may exist in these groups is much larger than those of the marsh-gas
series, because hydrogen may be wanting in different places. Thus
tluee isomeric forms of C4H8 ore possible :—
CHS CHS CH,CH,
CH2 CH C
CH CH CJL
ii I
CH2
CH3
The isomeric hydrocarbons of other series are produced by similar
causes; llms from benzene C0H0 a great number of hydrocarbons are
derived by hydrogen Wng replaced by alcohol radicals.
If, for instance, ethyl be substituted for one atom of hydrogen, we
obtain ethyl-benzene, which is isomeric with dimethyl-benzene:—
It has already been pointed out that all other carbon compounds
may be regarded as derivatives of hydrocarbons, simple or compound
radicals taking the place of hydrogen. By snch substitutions, however,
one and the same radical may replace hydrogen in different
positions, and thus the number of possible isomeric carbon compounds
is very lavge. The following examples represent some of
the simpler cases:—
PfioPYii IODIDE CJHJT.
Primary. Secondary.
CHS
CH8
CH2
CHI
! i
CH,