A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

TEE CARBON COMPOUNDS. 305
levo-hotMol is found in the fusel oil of spirits from madder-root;
it possesses all the properties of borneol, with the exception that it
has alevo-rotatory power, whilst borneol turns the plane of polarization
to the right,
Geraniol, or Geranyl Alcohol C10H18O, is found in Indian geranium
oil. It is a strongly refractive liquid, boiling at 232°, and possessing
a very agreeable sine 11, like roses. It is optically inactive, and yields
on oxidation valerianic acid.
Geranyl Chloride C1?H1VC1 is obtained by heating geraniol with
hydrochloric acid. It is a yellowish liquid, with an aromatic smell.
By acting on it with the potassium salts of valerianic, benzoic or
cinnaniic acids, the geranyl-ethers of these acids have been produced.
They are oily liquids, possessing an aromatic odour,
Dweranyl Ether £ 10 £" {• 0, a liquid boiling at about 190°, and
smelling like peppermint, is formed by beating geraniol with geranyl
chloride.
Geranyl Sulphide r? o f, 17 !• S is obtained by acting with geranyl
chloride on on alcoholic solution of potassium sulphide; it is a
yellow liquid, possessing a very disagreeable smelL
When geraniol is heated with zinc chloride or with phosphorus
pentoxide, it is resolved into water and Gcraniene CloH10, a limpid,
mobile liquid, boiling at 163°, and smelling like carrots.
Other isoiuerides of borneol exist in the oil of cajeput, and of
coriander.
Menthol, or MenOiyl Alcohol C10HM 0, occurs in the oil of peppermint.-
It forms colourless prismatic crystals, smelling strongly like
the plant. It melts at 3(5°, and boils at 210°.
MerUhyl GMoridt GJAnQ\ is a liquid formed by heating menthol
with hydrochlorio acid.
When menthol is heated with, phosphorus pentoxide, Menthcm
C10H18 is produced, a liquid boiling at 163°.
JSucalyptol Cj^H^O is contained in the leaves of JSncaiyptus globulun,
a tree growing iu lasmania. It is a colourless liquid, boiling at 175°,
and possessing an aromatic smell. By distilling it witU phosphorus
pentoxide, it is decomposed into water, and Muealyptene C12H1S, a
liquid boiling at 165°.
Patdwuli Oil.—l'hia substance is a mixture of two isomeric substanoes
having the composition C^H^O. One of them, called
patchotUi-camphor, crystallizes from the oil on standing in hexagonal
prisms, melting at 55°, and boiling at 296". On distilling it, or the
liquid portion of the oil, with zinc chloride, PatdumUm C16HM, a
liquid boiling at 250°, ia formed.
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