A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

THE CARBON COMPOUNDS, 309
The carbon atoms fonning the aromatic nucleus are united together
by one and two combining units alternately, thus;—
I-
N / V
II I
AA i
The most simple aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene CgHg, and all
other compounds belonging to the group are derived from it by
replacing hydrogen by other elements or radicals.
When one atom of hydrogen is replaced by chlorine, we obtain
chlorobemene C.H6C1 (foimerly calledplwnyl chloride 1 ) a body dif
ing from the cnlorides of the alcohol radical by being a much more
stable compound, and not undergoing double decomposition with
silver salts, hot alcoholic potash, or ammonia. Other aromatic compounds
containing chlorine, or other halogen-elements combined with
the aromatic nucleus, show a similar Miaviour; the chlorine, &c,
being much more firmly combined with the carbon than in the
haloid compounds of other radicals.
The action of concentrated nitric acid on aromatic compounds is
very characteristic; they are converted into niiro-ecmpounds;such a
nitrobenzene C6H,.NO2, nitroehlorobenzene CoH4Cl.KOj, &c.
agents convert these nitro-compounds into amido-eompounds; thus
nitrobenzene yields with nascent hydrogen, amidobenzene or aniline
GftBLNH,; the constitution of these nitro-conipounds is, therefore,
similar to that of nitro-ethane CaB6.NO2 (see page 113),
Nitro-ethnno. Nitrolieuzono.
Etbylaraino, Anllino,
C$,NB8
C0H6.NHa
The aromatic amido-compounds combine with acids like the amines,
and are acted upon by the iodides of the alcohol radicals like the
latter, forming compounds such as :—
Etliyl-ftmidobonzono. Diothyl.ftmitloboiizeno.
The latter compound combines with ethyl iodide, fonning phenyltriethylammonivm
iodide N[C6H5(C2H6)3], a crystallized salt, which
1 Phenyl ia the uame given to tho monad group CgH6.