A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

THE CARBON COMPOUNDS. 441
When phenanthrene and picric acid are dissolved in hot alcohol,
the compound CMHl0 + C8H2(NO2)8OH crystallizes on cooling in
long golden-yellow prisms, melting at 145°,
Tetrahydroplienanthrme CuHj4 is obtained by heating phenanthrene
with concentrated hydriodic acid, and amorphous phosphorus to
240°. It is a liquid, having a feint but peculiar smell, and boiling
between 300° to 310°.
Octohydropkenanthrene CUH,8 is formed by using an excess of
phosphorus, and heating above 240°; it is a liquid, boiling below
OA/V>
Plienanthrene fiiibromide CuH,0Br2 is obtained by mixing wellcooled
solutions of the hydrocarbon and bromine in carbon disulphide.
It forms well-defined four-sided prisms, which, even in closed vessels,
gradually undergo spontaneous decomposition.
MonoSi-omophenanthrene Cj.HjBr is produced by heating the
dibromide, or by boiling it with alcohol. It forms thin white prisms,
melting at 63°; on adding bromine to its solution in carbon sulphide
it is converted into :—
Dibwmophenanthrene C,4HsBi'j, crystallizing in white warty needles.
Tribrmophenanthreiie GMH7Brg is produced by heating the solution
with bromine; ; it forms silky y needles, melting g at 126°.
MMononitropJienanthraus i J h GHNO Gj^Hg-NO^ i fis formed d b by dili dissolving phenanthrene
in cold concentrated nitric acid; on adding water, it is obtained
as a yellow crystalline precipitate, melting between 70° and 80°.
DimtropTienanthrcne CUH8(NO2)2 is produced when the nitric acid
is heated to 100°; it separates from glacial acetic acid in yellow
crystals, melting between 150° to 160°.
FlmmnthnnesiUpliomk Acid C^HpSOgH is prepared by heating
phenanthrene with sulphuric acid to 100°. Its lead-salt is soluble in
water; by decomposing it with hydrogen sulphide, the pure acid is
obtained. It is more freely soluble in hot than in cold water, and
forms a crystalline mass.
FJienanthrcnc-guinone C^lLOj is produced by heating the hydrocarbon
with glacial acetic acid and chromic trioxide. It crystallizes
from acetic acid in orange-red, long prisms, melting at 205°, and
boiling above 360°. By heating it with zinc-dust it ia reduced to
phenanthrene, and by passing it over red-hot soda-lime it is converted
intodiplienyl:—
C9H4.C-O CflH6
| || I.h4NaOH=|
C6H,C-6 COHS
^ q ^ ^ ^ B r f i i - — O n heating the quinone
with bromine and water to 180°, this compound is obtained in yellow,
warty crystals, melting at 230°.
MMtraphmanthrme>qninmieCxfia(JSO^f)i is produced by boiling
the quinone with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric