A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

416 THE CHEMISTRY OF
Carbazol crystallizes from alcohol in white plates, melting at 238°,
aud boiling at 354°. Cold nitric acid colours it green in the cold, and
on heating nitvo-compounds are formed. It has no basic properties,
but combines with picric acid like the aromatic hydrocarbons, forming
the compound C^H^N + Cj^HyNO^OH, which crystallizes from coaltar
naphtha in large red prisms.
Acetylcartazol C}aH8N(C.H3O) is obtained by heating carbazol with
acetic anhydride; it crystallizes from alcohol in fiat prisms, melting
at 69", and combines with picric acid.
Carbazoline C12ff,3.NIL.—This additive compound is formed byheating
carbazol with hydriodic acid and phosphorus to 240°. It is a
weak base, crystallizing from alcohol in tufta of ailky needles, melting
at 99°, and boiling at 29b 10 . By heating its hydrochloride to 300' it
loses hydrochloric acid and hydrogen, being converted into hy&rocathazol
C12H,3N, crystallizing from alcohol in warty masses possessing
an unpleasant smell, It has no basic properties, but combines with
picric acid.
Aeniim C12HgN.—This isomeride of carbazol has also been found
in etude anthracene. It crystallizes from dilute alcohol in transparent
rhombic prisms, which have generally a yellowish-brown colour. It
melts at 107°, and boils above 360°, but sublimes even at as low
a temperature as 100° in large, broad needles. It has basic properties,
and forms well-defined salts, which, as well as the free
base, produce a burning pain on the skin, and attack violently
the mucous membranes, the least quantity giving rise to violent
sneezing.
Diphenyiene Oxide C^HgO is produced by distilling triphenyl phosphate
with quicklime; it forms small plates, melting at 80", boiling at
273°, and possessing an agreeable odour. It is not changed by passing
it over red-hot zinc-dust, nor by heating it with hydriodic acid to
250°.
DipliMylmonosiUphonk Acid C',jHn.SO3H is obtained by heating
equal molecules of diphenyl and smpiiuric acid until water and the
hydrocarbon begin to volatilise. The potassium salt 0lgH9.S0sK
crystallizes frotu hot water in very slender long needles, which
after some time change into a heavy powder. The barium- and
calcium-salts are precipitates, which can be crystallized from boiling
water.
IKpltenyldisttipkonk Acid C,2H8(S03H)a is produced by heating the
hydrocarbon with an excess of sulphuric acid. The potassium salt
C^H^SOgK)^ + 5H8O forms louy thick prisms. The barium- and
lead-salts are insoluble in water. By decomposing the lattisr with
hydrogen sulphide in the presence of water, the free acid is obtained,
which on evaporation is left in deliquescent prisms, melting at 72°*5,
and decomposing above 200°.
JDioxydiphenyl C,2H8(OH)y—This phenol is prepared by acting with
nitric itric trioxide on benzidine nitrate, and boiling the diazo-compound
with water:—•