A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

THE CAUBON C0MF0UND8. 365
Benzyl Eydromlphide, or Benzyl Mcrcaptan, CeHB.CHa.SH, is a
colourless strongly refractive liquid, which is formed by acting with
alcoholic potassium hydrosulphide on benzyl chloride. It possesses
a strong alliaceous odour, and boils at 195°. With mercuric oxide it
forma the crystalline mercaptide (C6H6.CH4S)2Hg.
Benzyl Sulphide C 6 H 6 QH* I S fa formed bv bating the chloride
with an alcoholic solution of potassium sulphide. It crystallizes in
white needles, melting at 49°, and decomposing at a higher temperature.
Nitric acid oxidizes it to benzyl sulplwxide (C.IL.CiL.LSO.
C H CH S1
Benzyl Bisulphide nV rjtj'ja i ^ ^ orme( ^ by exposing the hydrosulphide
to the air; it crystallizes in colourless scales. Nascent
hydrogen converts it again into the mercaptan.
HITROQEN BASES OP BENZYL.
These bases are formed by heating benzyl chloride with alcoholic
ammonia The hydrochlorides thus obtained can b'e cosily separated;
that of benzylamine being freely soluble in water, whilst the salt of
the diamine is but sparingly soluble in cold, but readily in hot water,
and that of the triamine almost insoluble.
Benzylamine CjHyCIOIHj is a colourless, strongly alkaline liquid
boiling at 185°. It is soluble in water, absorbs carbon dioxide from
the air, and neutralizes acids, forming crystalline salt. The pure
compound is also readily obtained by heating benzyl chloride with
silver cyanate, and distilling the product with potash.
Dibenzylamine (C6H6.CH«)gNH is a thick oily liquid, which is
insoluble in water, and distils at a high temperature without decomposition.
Triheiwjlmn,iw (C6H5.CHj)8N forms colourless needles, which are
insoluble in water, but dissolve in hot alcohol. It melts at 91°, and
boils above 300°, On heatiug it iu a current of gaseous hydrochloric
acid, it is resolved into benzyl chloride, and dibenzylaxnine hydrochloride.
a 5 a )
N + 2HC1 « CoH^CH^Cl + C0HyCH, , VN.HC1 VN.
j
Benzyl Garbmide ^ QA \ N.—This compound, commonly called
benzyl cyanate, is obtained by distilling the chloride •with silver cyanate.
It is a colourless liquid, boiling at 200°. It is easily transformed by
heat into the polymeric benzyl isoeyanvrate (C6He.CH3)8(CON)3, which
compound, therefore, is the chief product of the above reaction; it
crystallizes from alcohol in very light, silky needles, melting at 137°
and boiling at 320°.
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