A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

THE CARBON COMPOUNDS, 405
wlricli dissolve in alkalis with a greenish-yellow colour, and on
boiling this solution down, phlorogluein and protocateckuic add are
Induced.
GLUCOSIDES VIELDtlTO PRODUCTS OP UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION.
Fiwcin C^HJJOJ is found in the bark of the ash and horse chestnut-tree,
and forms colourless needles, which are sparingly soluble in
water, and yield a fluorescent solution. Dilute acids resolve it into
sugar and crystalline Fraxttin. C10H8O6.
Pinipicrin Gp"RaeOu is contained in the bark and needles of Pinna
sylvcstris and of Tkyja occickntalis. It is a yellow, amorphous, bitter
powder, which by dilute boiling sulphuric acid ist resolved into sugar
and ericiiwl C^n^O, a pale yellow oil possessing a strong aromatic
smell, and which is also obtained by distilling the leaves of Lcdv.ni
palmtre, BJtododcadvov, ferrugineum, C'alluna vylgans, and other
Eiieame with water.
Cmvolwlin CsnHjoO^ is the active principle of jalap, and forms a
resinous mass, which is soluble in alcohol and in alkalis; the latter
solution contains bibaaic convolmdic acid C8,HM0j7, an amorphous,
sour substance, which is soluble in water. These two compounds are
converted by the action of acids or emulsin into sugar and cowsolmliw)l
C13H24O3, which combines with alkalis, forming monobasic
convolvalirwlie acid C,3H2?O4, which is sparingly soluble hi water, and
crystallizes in small needles. Nitric acid oxidizes it to ipomie ccid
JaUijnn C34Hs001B is a homologu© of convolvnlin, and exists in the
jalap from Convolvulus orizahcn&is. It has great resemblance to convolvulin,
yielding sugar and jalapinol CwH300g, which by alkalis is
converted into jalapinolie acid CJJH^O^ and by nitric acid into
ipoinie acid.
Similar resinous glucosidcs exist in other plants of the same
order; the root oilpomcea T-ivrpethum contains turpefhin, and that of
Convolvulus Scammonia a. compound called scammonin.
Hdleborem G^JQ^ is contained in the root of the Clwistmas-rosc
(Hcttcborus niger). it crystallizes from water in small needles, and is
a narcotic poison. With dilute acids it yields sugar and amorphous
Mhlordin CWH«JDS.
Hetteborin CgaH^O^ is fonnd together with some helleborein in the
root of Kdlehmiis vindis. It is insoluble in water, and forms glistening
needles. It is a powerful poison, and by boiling it with an acid
is resolved into sugar g and amorphous p helleboresin C^HO ^ ^ ^
Saponin CC82^B4^i8 ^ ^ * id i h f S
8 contained in the root of Sajwnam- officmalis,
Gypsophila Slmthium, Agrostema Githago, and different species of
Lychnis, in Poli/gala Senega, in the seeds of the horse-chestnut, and
many other plants. It is a white amorphous powder, having a
0 H H