A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

THE 0ARSON COMPOUNDS.
Hzes in colourless prisms, which may he sublimed Its ammoniaoal
solution colours red in the air, and with caustic alkalis it .yields a
red colouring matter. Beta-orcin is prohahly a di-oxyxylene.
TOLYL- AND TOHJYL-COMFOUNDS.
Tolyl or Xylyl Chloride Ce H 41 CH Cl is Produced by passing
chlorine into boiling xylene (isoxylene); it is a liquid having a disagreeable
smell, and boiling at 193°:
Tolyl Alcohol C6H4| Q**» 0H.—When the chloride is heated with
silver acetate, it yields tolyl acetate, a liquid possessing an aromatic
odour, and boiling at 226°. Alkalis convert it into tolyl alcohol, a
crystalline solid, forming white needles, which melt at 59°, and boil
at 217°.
TolylamiM C6H4 j Qjj%nj -—The three tolylamines are formed
by heating the chloride with alcoholic ammonia. They neutralize
acids, and form crystalline salts. The monamine is a limpid and
very alkaline liquid, boiling at 196°, and smelling like herring's
brine,
Ditolylamine [C,H4(CH.)(CHj)^NH is a similar body, and tritolylamine
[CaI^(CHa)(CEL)]sN is a viscid liquid, having a faint alkaline
reaotion. The di- and triamine ate decomposed by heat
f CH
1-4 Paratoluic Add C6H4 •! QQ JI ^ produced by boiling methyltoluene
or cymene for several days with nitric acid of 20 per cent., and
distilling the product with steam, or treating it with tin and hydrochloric
acid. The same acid has been obtained by passing carbon
dioxide into a mixture of 14 bromotoluene and sodium,
Paratoluio acid forms slender needles, melting at 178"; it is sparingly
soluble in cold, readily in hot water, and forms a number of
substitution'products resembling those of benzoio acid.
Paratoluonitrik C6H4(CH3)CN has been prepared by acting on
crystallized toluidine with carbon disulphide, and distilling the
snlphocarbotoluide thus formed with finely-divided copper, the
reaotion taking place in three stages. First, the toluide is resolved
into tolyl mustard-oil and toluidine; then the copper removes the
sulphur from the former oompouud, tolylcarbaraine being produced,
wMoh at the high temperature is oonverted into the nitrile:—
« os { SSSiutcS - NIWVSH, + cs.KC6ir,cH8
(2) CS.N.C^.CHs + UOn = 0N.C9Hv0Hg4+
(3) CN.OBH4.CHS « NC.C6Ht.CHs