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A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

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170 THE OBEMI8TRY OF<br />

<strong>of</strong> ocfcylic acid in ethyl alcohol; it boils at 205° and smells like pineapples.<br />

Ethyl capryMe is a similar liquid, boiling at 214°.<br />

Secondary Octyl Alcohol or Mcihyl-liexyl Carbinol ^7? \ CH.OH,<br />

0 13 J<br />

formerly called capryl alcohol, is produced by distilling castor-oil<br />

soap with caustic soda. Castor-oil contains ricinoleio acid,-which by<br />

alkalis is decomposed into <strong>the</strong> alcohol and sebacic acid:—<br />

QiAfO, + 2NaOH = C8H18O + C10H10Na2O, + H,<br />

The distillate contains besides <strong>the</strong> secondary alcohol o<strong>the</strong>r products<br />

; it ia repeatedly rectified over caustic soda and <strong>the</strong>n subjected<br />

to fractional distillation. Methyl-hexyl carbinol is a colourless oily<br />

liquid, possessing an aromatic smell, and boiling at 181°. By a<br />

dilute solution <strong>of</strong> chromic acid it is oxidized to methyl-hexyl ketone<br />

f CO, a liquid boiling at 171°. This ketone is sometimes<br />

formed as a by-produot in <strong>the</strong> preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> alcohol. Secondary<br />

octyl chloride CoH,.Cl "smells like oranges and boils at 173°. The<br />

iodide boils at 212 , and yields by <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong> nascent hydrogen<br />

normal octane.<br />

NONYL GROUP.<br />

This group has been so far very little studied. Felargonic acid,<br />

O8H18O2 occurs in <strong>the</strong> essential oil <strong>of</strong> Pelargonium roseum, and is<br />

also formed by oxidizing methyl-nonyl ketone, <strong>the</strong> chief constituent <strong>of</strong><br />

oil <strong>of</strong> rua This acid has a faint, rancid odour ; it melts at 18° and<br />

boils at 250°.<br />

Notiylio Acid ^iy^ IO.—This acid, which has great resemblance<br />

to pelargonic acid, has been prepared by heating octyl iodide with<br />

potassium cyanide and decomposing <strong>the</strong> nitrile thus formed with<br />

caustic potash. It fuses at 12" and boils at 254'.<br />

DEOATYL OROtJP.<br />

Diamyl, or Tetramethyl Hemne CgHL^CHj). is obtained by decomposing<br />

amyl iodide with sodium; it is a colourless mobile liquid,<br />

boiling at 158°. On acting on it with chlorine decatyl chloride is<br />

formed, which, when heated with potassium acetate and acetic acid,<br />

yields <strong>the</strong> acetate, a liquid possessing a pleasant smell like oranges.<br />

On decomposing it with an alkali, decatyl alcohol 10 jJ [ 0 is ob-<br />

tained, an oily liquid boiling at about 210°—215°, and smelling like

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