A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

TEE CBBMI8TRY OF
sweetish astringent taste. Its dust produces violent sneezing, and its
aqueous solution, when shaken, froths like a soap-solution. Fuming
hydrochloric acid resolves it into an amorphous sugar and sapogenin
Caincin C^H^O is found in the caihca-root {Ghiococca racemosa),
and crystallizes in slender prisms. Hydrochloric acid decomposes it
into sugar and caHmebin, CgjH^Oj, •which when fused with potash is
resolved into butyric acid and caimczgenin 014HMOs.
Ckinovin C^H^Oj has been found in China nova and other cinchona-barks.
It is an amorphous powder, which is insoluble in
water, and by boiling it with an acid yields mannitane and chinovie
add C^HjoO# which is insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in boiling
alcohol, and forms a white crystalline powder. It is a bibasic
acid, and apparently homologous with the phthalic acids.
Qlycyrrkicin, or Liquorice-sugar O^H^Og, is the sweet principle
contained in the root of tha common liquorice, and is prepared by
precipitating an aqueous infusion of the root with basic lead acetate,
and decomposing the washed precipitate "With hydrogen sulphide. It
is a yellowish amorphous powder, having a sweet and acrid taste,
When boiled with a dilute acid, it is resolved into sugar and resinous
Oaphnin C8lH^Ol9 + 4Ha0 is found in the bark of the mezereon
and other species of Daphne. It is almost insoluble in cold water,
and crystallizes from a boiling solution in colourless prisms. Dilute
acids decompose it into sugar and daphnctin CWHMO9.
DigUalin is a most violent poison, existing in the common foxglove,
and forms an amorphous powder having an intensely bitter taste. Its
composition is not known; acids resolve it into sugar and amorphous
digitalretin.
Antiarin is the active principle of the arrow-poison of Java, which
is prepared from the milky juice of Antiaris toocioaria. It forms
colourless crystals, and is soluble in water and alcohol It has not
been analyzed; acids convert it into sugar and a resinous substance.
Cyclamin CJS2fiio occurs in the tubers of Cyclamen curopmun,
and is resolvedinto sugar and cyclamirctin CnH,0O6.
Oiwnin O^H^O,, is contained in the root ot Owmia spinosa, and is
decomposed by boiling hydroohlorio acid into sugar and formonatin
C^H-jOy, which by alkalis is resolved into omonetin CjjHjjQg and
formic acid,
Conifcrin occurs in the cambial liquid of the Conifera>, and has
been resolved into sugar and a resin.
Menyanthin, which is found in Menyanthes trifoliata, yields with
acids sugar and menyantkol CgH8O, winch is a liquid resembling oil
of bitter almonds, and when exposed to the air is oxidized to an acid
of-unknown composition.
Polychrtfitt 0^11^0,9 is the colouring matter of aaffron, and forms
an amorphous, deliquescent, ruby-red mass. When boiled with a
dilute acid it yields sugar, crociu, and a volatile oil. Croein. CwHlgO6