A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

304 1HM CHEMISTRY OF
Hydrochloric acid precipitates from the filtrate camphocarbonio
acid, which separates from hot alcohol in colourless crystals, melting
at 119°, and splitting up at a higher temperature into carbon dioxide
and camphor.
Monochlofocamphor C,0H16010 is a colourless, ciystalline mass,
which has been obtained by the action of hypochlovous acid upon
camphor.
Mimobromcmphor C^HjgBrO.—By adding bromine to a solution
of camphor in chloroform, camplior dibromide C10HwOBra is obtained
in colourless crystals; it is a very unstable compound, and readily
resolves into hydrobromic acid and monobromooamphor, which crystallizes
in colourless prisros.
• Camphor NUrate (G^ifi^Py—This remarkable compound is
produced together with camphoric acid, when camphor is boiled for
some time with nitric acid. It is a thick oily liquid, haying a
camphor-liko and sour smell; water decomposes it into nitric acid
and camphor.
Common camphor turns the plane of polarization to the right; a
compound having the greatest resemblance to it, but exerting a lefthanded
rotatory action, is contained in the volatile oil of Pynthru/m
Pariheniim, from which it is deposited at a low temperature as a
crystalline mass.
Other isomerides of camphor occur in the volatile oils of artemiaia,
absinthium, mentha, pulegium, and other labiate plants, and also in
the blue oils of ohamomile and galbanum,
Borneol, Borneo Camphor, or Ccmphyl Alcohol C^H^O, is found in
the old trunks of Dryolalawrps Cawphora, a tree growing in Borneo,
Java, and Sumatra, and has been obtained by the action of sodium on
common camphor (page 303), and, together with campholic acid, by
heating camphor with an alcoholic potash solution.
Borneol forms small transparent crystals, smelling like common
camphor and pepper. It melts at 198°, and boils at 212°. Nitric
acid converts it into common camphor.
Borneol is a monad alcohol; on heating it with hydrochloric acid,
ecm/phyl chloride C10HltCl is formed, a body resembling solid terpene
monohydrochloride.
Campkgl-methyl Mhr Q G ^*\O,—The formation of this compound
from common camphor has already been described; it is a
liquid smelling like camphor, and boiling at 194°*5.
Cwmphyl Acetate nyt~J{ \ 0 is obtained by the action of acetic
anhydride upon sodium oamphylate; it is a colourless liquid,boiling
at 230°, and possessing a camphor-like odour.
When borneol is heated with phosphorus pentoxide, it is resolved
in water, and Borntene C10H16, a liquid occurring also in the volatile
oil of Laurus Camphora and oil of valerian. By leaving it in contact
with potash solution, it is converted again into borneoL