A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

THE OABBON COMPOVNDS. 48!)
(J/tolcslcnn C2OH4tO + H20 is found in the bile, the brain aud
nefves, in blood and the yolk of eggs, aud forms the chief constituent
of biliary calculi; it has also been found in plants. From alcohol it
crystallizes in small, brilliant plates, and from ether-alcohol in
beautiful largo plates, which are tasteless, and colourless, and melt
at 145°, and sublime when more strongly heated.
Cholesterin is a monad alcohol, and apparently homologous with
cinnyl alcohol.
Clwlcstcryl Chlwide C^3.JJ\ is produced by heating eholesterin.
with strong hydrochloric aciuand crystallises in colourless needles.
Gholesterylaminc C^H^NH, ia obtained by heating the chloride with
alcoholic ammonia. Ifc crystallizes in small iridescent plates, melting
at 104°, and exhibiting ia the liquid state a fine bluish violet
fluorescence.
Clwlesteryl Acetate C2a HWO.C2H3O is formed by heatingcholcsterin
with aoetyl chloride, anil crystallizes from hot alcohol in small
needles, melting at 92°.
Glwlesleryl BcnzoaCo C20H.3O.C7HBO is produced by heatiug
choleaterine with benzoic acid in sealed tubes to 200°. It crystallizes
from ether in small, thick, rectangular plates, melting at 125°.
OxycJwlic Add C24H10O,j is obtained by oxidizing cholesterin with
a dilute solution of chromic acid. It ia an amorphous mass, lmving
•a bitterish-sweet taste.
Isochdestenn C^H^O is found together with cholesterin and fatty
acids in suint. It crystallizes from ether in slender, transparent
needles, melting at 137°.
Iaoclwlesteryl Bensottte C^H^O.CJHJO crystallizes from acetone in
tufts of brilliant needles, and troin ether in microscopic needles.
Bilhiibin G',pH,gN3O3 exists in small quantity in the bile of different
animals, and in larger quantity combined with calcium in certain
biliary calculi, and is best obtained from those of the ox. It is
insoluble in water, sparingly solnble in alcohol and ether, freely in
chloroform, and foima dark-ied crystals. In alkalis it dissolves with
a dark-orange colour; the salts of other metala produce dark-brown
precipitates in this solution.
BUvcerdin C10H2AN.1O5.~Wben an alkaline solution of bilirubin 19
exposed to the air it turns green, and on addition of an acid a green
precipitate ia formed, crystallizing from glacial acetic acid in green
rhombic plates.
Hydrobilirubin or Urobilin C32HMN4Oy is produced by the action
of aodium-amalgain, and water on btttinbin, and biliverdin, and
exists also in lirino, chiefly in the dark-colonred one of fever-patients.
It dissolves in alcohol and chloroform with a yellowish-red colour,
and in alkalis with a brown colour. By adding a little zinc sulphate
to its aminoniacal solution the liquid assumes a red colour, and
exhibits a green fluorescence.
BUifuacin C,,,H2()N3O4 is an almost black, glistening, brittle mass,