A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

258 THE CHEMISTRY OF
produced by the action of phosphorus pentachloride upon glycerin or
the chlorbydrins, and together with an isomeric compound when propene
dichloride is heated with iodine chloride to 170'', It is a colourless
liquid, possessing a smell like ohlorofocm, and boiling at 158°. On
heating it with caustic alkalis a violent reaction sets in, and dichloroglydde
distils over, a heavy liquid possessing a garlic-like smell, and
boiling at 98". It combines readily with one molecule of chlorine
and bromine, and dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with the
evolution of hydroohlorio acid. On distilling this solution with a
large quantity of water, it yields monochloracetone;—
CHLC1 CH.C1
I I
CC1 +§io=CO +HC1
II ' 1
CH, CH8
Bromhydrins,—These compounds are produced by the action of
hydrobromio acid or phosphorus pentabroiuide upon glycerin.
Tribrwnhydrine or Propenyl TrUromide C8H6Br8 is a thick, colourless
liquid, boiling at 220°, and solidifying at a low temperature to
large brilliant prisms, melting at 16°, On beating it with an alcoholic
solution of potassium cyanide, it yields propenyl tricyanide or the
nitrite of tricarballylic acM C8H6(CN)8 (see page 238).
Sidphydrins are formed by treating the different chlorhydrins
with an alcoholic solution of potassium hydrosulpbide, MonosulphyroH
OH is a viscid non-volatile liquid, possessing a very dis-
V SH
agreeable odour. The hydrogen in the group SH can easily be replaced
(OH
by metals, just as in other mercaptana, Disulphydrin C8H6-| SH and
(.SH
fSH
Ttisal^Tiydriv, C8Hs-< SH have similar properties.
roH
Glycerinsidplmru Acid CJHA OH. —This monobasic acid is
(o.SO8H
formed by mixing glycerin with concentrated sulphuric acid. It
forms soluble salts with barium and calcium. By decomposing their
solution with aulphurio acid or with oxalio acid, an aqueous solution
of glycerinsulphnrio aoid is obtained, which has a very sour taste.
On evaporation it is resolved into glycerin and sulphuric acid,
rOH
QlycerinpTiosahoric Acid CaHs< OH. —Glacial phosphoric
(O.PO(OH),
aoid dissolves in glycerin with the evolution of heat. On diluting
with water and neutralizing with barium carbonate a solution of