A Manual of the Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds

THE CABBON COMPOUNDS, 303
taining Isopropene CBHg, boiling at 37°, and camUchaw C10Hl6, boiling
at 171°.
Gutta-percha, is the hardened milky juice of Isonandm Outlet, a
tree growing in different parts of India. It is harder and less elastic
than caoutchouc, but in warm water it becomes quite soft, and can
then be formed into any shape. It has the same composition as
caoutchouc, and dissolves in the same solvents as the latter. By
destructive distillation, it yields isopropene, caoutchene, and a heavy
oil called heveene, which appears to be polymeric with these other
hydrocarbons.
CAMPHOBS,
Common Camphor, or Japan Camphor C,0H WO, is obtained in China,
and Japan by distilling the branches and leaves of Lawns Camphora
with, water. It is a colourless, crystalline, translucent mass, having
a powerful, peculiar odour and taste. By sublimation it may be
obtained in brilliant crystal* It melts at 175°, and boils at 204°,
Camphor is only sparingly soluble in water, but freely soluble in
alcohol and acetic acid. Small pieces thrown on water move about
with a revolving motion.
When camphor is heated with concentrated hydriodio acid, several
hydrocarbons are formed, as campkokne CBH,g, a liquid boiling at
135°, and the compounds C10H18, boiling at 165 , and C10HM. By the
action of phosphorus pentasnlphide on camphor, cymme CwHlt
(page 300) is formed ;—
5C10H16O + P2S6 = 5C10Hu + P2O5 + 5SH8
On heating a solution of camphor in toluene with sodium, two
compounds, called sodium-camphor CwH15NaO and sodium camphylate
CHNaO, are produced :—
2O10HwO + Naa« C10H16NaO + CloHirNaO
By the action of methyl iodide on this mixture, the sodium is
CH 1
replaced by methyl, and methyl-camphor „ TT 8 t 0, and camphylmethyl
ether ^ ^ 8 V 0 are produced. Ethyl iodide acts in an
analogous way; ethyl-camphor is a liquid boiling at 230°.
When the mixture of the two sodium-compounds is heated in a
current of dry carbon dioxide to 100°, the sodium salts of campko-
carbonic bi add id C^OCOH C^^O.COgH and d of f lborneol-carbonic l b i dd add CHOCO CI0HwO.CO2
are formed. On dissolving these salts in water, lactic acid is decomposed,
and borneol or camphyl alcohol G^^Jb separates out:—
1
CO, + H,0 - CWHWO + jj } CO,