Lindsay Rudge PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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has demonstrated the ways in which close analysis of the circulation of individual manuscripts can offer insights into the use of the texts they contain. Such a methodology is of particular importance to the study of early medieval religious women, where the accessibility of normative texts was therefore much wider than is indicated by the range still extant. 171
CHAPTER 4 Dedicated Women, Monasteries and Reform in the Eighth Century In the opening chapters of this study, we have seen a dynamic monastic world of innovation and adaptation. In the sixth and seventh centuries, Caesarius’ writings for dedicated women spread, and with them went (among other things) ideas of claustration and the most suitable ways of organising a monastery. Yet as the previous chapter has demonstrated, Caesarius’ influence went far deeper than the practicalities of dedicated life. Equally as popular were his writings on the ethos of dedication: his letter Vereor, which found resonances among both female and male religious audiences, and his sermons, which in their written form were much longer-lived and reached a far greater audience than merely the communities in Arles for which they were originally intended. However, the study of the manuscript transmission of Caesarius’ writings also reveals a period fairly lacking in direct evidence of their circulation. After references to the use of the Regula ad Virgines in the sixth and seventh centuries, for instance, the first subsequent witness to its existence is its appearance in the manuscript of Benedict of Aniane’s Codex regularum in the early ninth century. This leaves a gap, broadly spanning the eighth century, for which there is very little evidence for the use of Caesarius’ works. The aim of this penultimate chapter is to some extent to find a means of bridging the apparent gap between the ‘peaks’ of monastic foundation and textual composition of the sixth and seventh centuries, and the subsequent reform-related re-emergence of interest in monastic writings in the ninth. At first glance, sources show very few new foundations being made in the eighth century. Jane Schulenburg, in her statistical survey of monastic foundations from 500 to 1100, illustrates this in stark numerical terms. 1 Her study brings out a vibrant picture of seventh-century foundation, largely those connected with the missions of such luminaries as Columbanus, Eligius, Philibert and Amandus in 1 J.T. Schulenburg, ‘Women’s monastic communities: Patterns of expansion and decline’ Signs 14:2 (1989) 261-92. 172
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ABSTRACT The history of western mon
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COPYRIGHT In submitting this thesis
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS An extended projec
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ILCV E. Diehl (ed.) Inscriptiones L
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INTRODUCTION In 1942, Dom Philibert
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of women’s dedicated life have ne
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(506), Arles (524), Carpentras (527
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does not attempt to discuss the ent
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victory at the battle of Tertry in
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history at that time. However, Wemp
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of involvement in religious life, h
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out, the history of monasticism has
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virginum and Vereor, in the collect
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Caesarius by commissioning his vita
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These problems of interpretation ar
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text of the Regula virginum was com
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Dedicated virgins also appear in no
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lifestyles. Canon XXVII, which proh
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way of life she had chosen, or may
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context, suggests the closeness bet
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abbot, ‘filling the role of spiri
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without learning walks in the shado
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The abbess Caesaria and the foundat
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form of monastic life for women and
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Cæsarii monitis luci sociata peren
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known as St Césaire. This suggeste
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and overturned by savage barbarians
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would not have contemplated writing
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the life she probably already led.
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1-47; the Recapitulatio, chapters 4
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island of Lérins. On leaving home
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the festival of St Genesius of Arle
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consideration, and aspiration can b
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which, as we have seen, allowed for
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Aspects of the Recapitulatio emphas
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Conclusion This chapter has located
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seventh centuries, there was theref
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Of particular interest to the prese
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Benedict was making his collection,
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first of September; on Mondays, Wed
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IN PACE REQVI T . BONAE . M DIVS N
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The early part of Teridius’ lette
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transmission of the rule from one m
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This is apparent, not only in Caesa
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ecords that ‘she [Radegund] and t
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ore the holy body with psalms benea
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instigation of her successor Celsa.
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of Caesarius, although there is no
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other abbess. 122 Florentius, writi
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these rules survive only through th
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in Arles that abbess Caesaria commi
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poison of the devil’. 152 Aurelia
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virginum had penetrated as far as t
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knowledge of its requirements (Regu
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about his mother’s community. Ano
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monk’s relationship with God, or
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Dedicated life in the seventh centu
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Although Jonas sought to present Co
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Barisis. 210 Neither were kings the
Page 121 and 122: of Eboriac in fact provides one of
Page 123 and 124: indeed have been a fairly common si
Page 125 and 126: particular virtue or practice of mo
Page 127 and 128: would soon be separated from the li
Page 129 and 130: CHAPTER 3 The Manuscript Caesarius:
Page 131 and 132: either the list from Fulda is evide
Page 133 and 134: appended their signatures to the Re
Page 135 and 136: The question that presents itself i
Page 137 and 138: the greater part of the conclusion
Page 139 and 140: the bishop’s family. 36 Other pos
Page 141 and 142: permission, she went to Trier where
Page 143 and 144: Vereor circulated as part of a ‘p
Page 145 and 146: ff. 36-40v ? 60 ff. 40v-44v Ambrose
Page 147 and 148: ff. 79-81 Columbanus Qualiter monac
Page 149 and 150: The Vatican manuscript is evidently
Page 151 and 152: Incipit: Sacrilegis monachis emptor
Page 153 and 154: whether any given section was or wa
Page 155 and 156: contains a number of shorter pieces
Page 157 and 158: evealing. It suggests that this col
Page 159 and 160: Caesarian text package booklet x ge
Page 161 and 162: stood with regard to the ownership
Page 163 and 164: the Preface to his ‘book of spark
Page 165 and 166: Caesarius’ sermons) and includes
Page 167 and 168: that the subject matter of the manu
Page 169 and 170: his apparently personal letter of g
Page 171: with matters affecting the monaster
Page 175 and 176: more fully. In particular, the cont
Page 177 and 178: to ‘nonnae velatae’, who in add
Page 179 and 180: appears not to have played so large
Page 181 and 182: personne, does not include ‘Mumle
Page 183 and 184: foundress of Oeren. 39 She had seve
Page 185 and 186: his wife Reine (Regina?), a relativ
Page 187 and 188: field. 60 Without adequate defence
Page 189 and 190: Leoba. 65 A third was the double ho
Page 191 and 192: through a window and only from ther
Page 193 and 194: turmoil... and the chain of innumer
Page 195 and 196: more personal level, Leoba credited
Page 197 and 198: written sometime before 738, Bonifa
Page 199 and 200: occasioned Boniface’s reply on th
Page 201 and 202: traveling, even if it is not record
Page 203 and 204: Carloman. 118 Carloman was later to
Page 205 and 206: continuing existence of individual
Page 207 and 208: with Neustrian and Austrasian-based
Page 209 and 210: As Claussen notes, this sermon typi
Page 211 and 212: abbesses, abbots appear to have had
Page 213 and 214: which saw changes - the composition
Page 215 and 216: By any standards, however, the degr
Page 217 and 218: law: all men (and in this case, wom
Page 219 and 220: indicators of a loss of the abbess
Page 221 and 222: and bear in mind the joys fitting f
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Legislation for dedicated women: th
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of the council of Tours cannot but
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‘sanctimoniales…quae se canonic
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stringent monastic life than that o
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in the reform of the monastery. 67
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made his collection with the purpos
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intended would be used to guide and
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thought and purity of heart. 91 Cha
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circumstantial evidence. 98 Similar
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all religious women together and di
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into the depths of hell’. 114 Mos
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primarily intended for canonesses.
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Emmeram in Regensburg, 131 and the
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Immena’s monastery should exist a
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canonical lives: ‘utrum canonicam
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perpetual virginity of Mary at the
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patterns to follow that living acco
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The reforming activities of Benedic
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This way of approaching the textual
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Manuscripts consulted BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Caesarius of Arles, Sermones. Ed. G
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Gregory of Tours, Liber vitae patru
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Victricius of Rouen, De laude sanct
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Claussen M.A., The Reform of the Fr
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Guyon J. and Heijmans M. (eds.), D
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Lerner G., ‘Placing women in hist
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McNamara J.A., ‘A legacy of mirac
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Rapp C., ‘”For next to God, you
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Smith J.A., Ordering Women’s Live
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Werminghoff A., ‘Die Beschlüsse
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Lindsay Rudge PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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