Lindsay Rudge PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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this thesis is to make use of these texts alongside regulae. It does not seem a coincidence that it is in these apparently less authoritative styles of composition that women’s voices are heard directly. The thesis is arranged in chronological order. The first chapter lays the groundwork. It puts novel emphasis on the importance of Caesarius’ sister Caesaria, the first abbess of the monastery, as a collaborator in the composition of the works, thus opening one of the major themes of the thesis, that of the active role religious women had in the direction and control of their own lives. Taking a wider view, the chapter compares the foundation of St John with other monastic and religious institutions in sixth-century Gaul. The second chapter progresses from the first, both thematically and chronologically. It explores the earliest moves towards circulating Caesarius’ texts to a wider audience. This was achieved in two directions. Caesarius himself produced a Rule for Monks which was drawn explicitly, and, in places, verbatim, from his Rule for Virgins. This introduces the theme of the malleability of the ‘gender’ of texts which will recur throughout the thesis. Secondly, copies of the Rule for Virgins were also obtained by other monastic founders. Of particular importance is the best-documented case of circulation: the dispatch of the Regula by the second abbess Caesaria to the ex-queen Radegund, who by c.561 AD had settled in her own foundation of Holy Cross, in Poitiers. The letter which Caesaria wrote to accompany the rule is an extremely rare survival of an early medieval woman’s own insight into her spirituality. The third chapter sets out the results of the most detailed study of the transmission of Caesarian manuscripts yet to have been made, demonstrating the existence of a ‘booklet’ of shorter texts, including Vereor, which were circulated independently from the rule. The fourth chapter moves on to consider the eighth century, traditionally perceived to be something of a ‘dark age’ for female religious life, and suggests the contexts in which this ‘booklet’ must have circulated. Forming the backdrop to the study of individual houses is an examination of (unsuccessful) moves toward the imposition of the Benedictine rule. The fifth and final chapter unites all of the strands of the thesis in an examination of the use of the Caesarian texts in the Carolingian reform movements. The main focus of this part of the thesis, however, is on the use of the two major texts under consideration, the Regula 25
virginum and Vereor, in the collections of monastic rules put together by Benedict of Aniane; the point that the written text and the ideology that inspired it were often two distinct entities in the early middle ages is reiterated. 26
Page 1 and 2: ;0>;9 ,5/ .65;0>;9 * =6405!9 /0/2.,
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT The history of western mon
Page 5 and 6: COPYRIGHT In submitting this thesis
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS An extended projec
Page 9 and 10: ILCV E. Diehl (ed.) Inscriptiones L
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION In 1942, Dom Philibert
Page 13 and 14: of women’s dedicated life have ne
Page 15 and 16: (506), Arles (524), Carpentras (527
Page 17 and 18: does not attempt to discuss the ent
Page 19 and 20: victory at the battle of Tertry in
Page 21 and 22: history at that time. However, Wemp
Page 23 and 24: of involvement in religious life, h
Page 25: out, the history of monasticism has
Page 29 and 30: Caesarius by commissioning his vita
Page 31 and 32: These problems of interpretation ar
Page 33 and 34: text of the Regula virginum was com
Page 35 and 36: Dedicated virgins also appear in no
Page 37 and 38: lifestyles. Canon XXVII, which proh
Page 39 and 40: way of life she had chosen, or may
Page 41 and 42: context, suggests the closeness bet
Page 43 and 44: abbot, ‘filling the role of spiri
Page 45 and 46: without learning walks in the shado
Page 47 and 48: The abbess Caesaria and the foundat
Page 49 and 50: form of monastic life for women and
Page 51 and 52: Cæsarii monitis luci sociata peren
Page 53 and 54: known as St Césaire. This suggeste
Page 55 and 56: and overturned by savage barbarians
Page 57 and 58: would not have contemplated writing
Page 59 and 60: the life she probably already led.
Page 61 and 62: 1-47; the Recapitulatio, chapters 4
Page 63 and 64: island of Lérins. On leaving home
Page 65 and 66: the festival of St Genesius of Arle
Page 67 and 68: consideration, and aspiration can b
Page 69 and 70: which, as we have seen, allowed for
Page 71 and 72: Aspects of the Recapitulatio emphas
Page 73 and 74: Conclusion This chapter has located
Page 75 and 76: seventh centuries, there was theref
Page 77 and 78:
Of particular interest to the prese
Page 79 and 80:
Benedict was making his collection,
Page 81 and 82:
first of September; on Mondays, Wed
Page 83 and 84:
IN PACE REQVI T . BONAE . M DIVS N
Page 85 and 86:
The early part of Teridius’ lette
Page 87 and 88:
transmission of the rule from one m
Page 89 and 90:
This is apparent, not only in Caesa
Page 91 and 92:
ecords that ‘she [Radegund] and t
Page 93 and 94:
ore the holy body with psalms benea
Page 95 and 96:
instigation of her successor Celsa.
Page 97 and 98:
of Caesarius, although there is no
Page 99 and 100:
other abbess. 122 Florentius, writi
Page 101 and 102:
these rules survive only through th
Page 103 and 104:
in Arles that abbess Caesaria commi
Page 105 and 106:
poison of the devil’. 152 Aurelia
Page 107 and 108:
virginum had penetrated as far as t
Page 109 and 110:
knowledge of its requirements (Regu
Page 111 and 112:
about his mother’s community. Ano
Page 113 and 114:
monk’s relationship with God, or
Page 115 and 116:
Dedicated life in the seventh centu
Page 117 and 118:
Although Jonas sought to present Co
Page 119 and 120:
Barisis. 210 Neither were kings the
Page 121 and 122:
of Eboriac in fact provides one of
Page 123 and 124:
indeed have been a fairly common si
Page 125 and 126:
particular virtue or practice of mo
Page 127 and 128:
would soon be separated from the li
Page 129 and 130:
CHAPTER 3 The Manuscript Caesarius:
Page 131 and 132:
either the list from Fulda is evide
Page 133 and 134:
appended their signatures to the Re
Page 135 and 136:
The question that presents itself i
Page 137 and 138:
the greater part of the conclusion
Page 139 and 140:
the bishop’s family. 36 Other pos
Page 141 and 142:
permission, she went to Trier where
Page 143 and 144:
Vereor circulated as part of a ‘p
Page 145 and 146:
ff. 36-40v ? 60 ff. 40v-44v Ambrose
Page 147 and 148:
ff. 79-81 Columbanus Qualiter monac
Page 149 and 150:
The Vatican manuscript is evidently
Page 151 and 152:
Incipit: Sacrilegis monachis emptor
Page 153 and 154:
whether any given section was or wa
Page 155 and 156:
contains a number of shorter pieces
Page 157 and 158:
evealing. It suggests that this col
Page 159 and 160:
Caesarian text package booklet x ge
Page 161 and 162:
stood with regard to the ownership
Page 163 and 164:
the Preface to his ‘book of spark
Page 165 and 166:
Caesarius’ sermons) and includes
Page 167 and 168:
that the subject matter of the manu
Page 169 and 170:
his apparently personal letter of g
Page 171 and 172:
with matters affecting the monaster
Page 173 and 174:
CHAPTER 4 Dedicated Women, Monaster
Page 175 and 176:
more fully. In particular, the cont
Page 177 and 178:
to ‘nonnae velatae’, who in add
Page 179 and 180:
appears not to have played so large
Page 181 and 182:
personne, does not include ‘Mumle
Page 183 and 184:
foundress of Oeren. 39 She had seve
Page 185 and 186:
his wife Reine (Regina?), a relativ
Page 187 and 188:
field. 60 Without adequate defence
Page 189 and 190:
Leoba. 65 A third was the double ho
Page 191 and 192:
through a window and only from ther
Page 193 and 194:
turmoil... and the chain of innumer
Page 195 and 196:
more personal level, Leoba credited
Page 197 and 198:
written sometime before 738, Bonifa
Page 199 and 200:
occasioned Boniface’s reply on th
Page 201 and 202:
traveling, even if it is not record
Page 203 and 204:
Carloman. 118 Carloman was later to
Page 205 and 206:
continuing existence of individual
Page 207 and 208:
with Neustrian and Austrasian-based
Page 209 and 210:
As Claussen notes, this sermon typi
Page 211 and 212:
abbesses, abbots appear to have had
Page 213 and 214:
which saw changes - the composition
Page 215 and 216:
By any standards, however, the degr
Page 217 and 218:
law: all men (and in this case, wom
Page 219 and 220:
indicators of a loss of the abbess
Page 221 and 222:
and bear in mind the joys fitting f
Page 223 and 224:
Legislation for dedicated women: th
Page 225 and 226:
of the council of Tours cannot but
Page 227 and 228:
‘sanctimoniales…quae se canonic
Page 229 and 230:
stringent monastic life than that o
Page 231 and 232:
in the reform of the monastery. 67
Page 233 and 234:
made his collection with the purpos
Page 235 and 236:
intended would be used to guide and
Page 237 and 238:
thought and purity of heart. 91 Cha
Page 239 and 240:
circumstantial evidence. 98 Similar
Page 241 and 242:
all religious women together and di
Page 243 and 244:
into the depths of hell’. 114 Mos
Page 245 and 246:
primarily intended for canonesses.
Page 247 and 248:
Emmeram in Regensburg, 131 and the
Page 249 and 250:
Immena’s monastery should exist a
Page 251 and 252:
canonical lives: ‘utrum canonicam
Page 253 and 254:
perpetual virginity of Mary at the
Page 255 and 256:
patterns to follow that living acco
Page 257 and 258:
The reforming activities of Benedic
Page 259 and 260:
This way of approaching the textual
Page 261 and 262:
Manuscripts consulted BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 263 and 264:
Caesarius of Arles, Sermones. Ed. G
Page 265 and 266:
Gregory of Tours, Liber vitae patru
Page 267 and 268:
Victricius of Rouen, De laude sanct
Page 269 and 270:
Claussen M.A., The Reform of the Fr
Page 271 and 272:
Guyon J. and Heijmans M. (eds.), D
Page 273 and 274:
Lerner G., ‘Placing women in hist
Page 275 and 276:
McNamara J.A., ‘A legacy of mirac
Page 277 and 278:
Rapp C., ‘”For next to God, you
Page 279 and 280:
Smith J.A., Ordering Women’s Live
Page 281:
Werminghoff A., ‘Die Beschlüsse
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Lindsay Rudge PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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