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NSfK’s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo, Finland 1998 Cookson, H.M.: ‘Alcohol use and offence type in young offenders’. In: British Journal of Criminology, 32-1992, pp. 352-360. Egg, R.: Motivation for therapy by judicial pressure? The treatment of drug addicted offenders. A lecture at the Third European Conference of Law and Psychology, Oxford, September 1992. Gudjonsson, G.H.: ‘Delinquent boys in Reykjavik: A follow-up study of boys sent to an institution’. In: Abnormal offenders, Delinquency, and the Criminal Justice System, J. Gunn and D.P. Farrington (eds.). Chichester: John Wiley. 1982, pp. 203-212. Gudjonsson, G.H. and H. Petursson: ‘Homicide in the Nordic Countries’. In: Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 82-1990, pp. 49-50. Grevholm, E. and E. Kühlhorn: ‘Behandlingseffekter inom rättsväsendet – en meta-analys av modern nordisk empirisk forskning’. I: Nordisk Tidskrift for Kriminalvidenskab, 20-1997, pp. 170-181. Sigurdsson, J.F. and G.H. Gudjonsson: ‘Alcohol and drug intoxication during police interrogation and the reasons why suspects confess to the police’. In: Addiction, 89- 1994, pp. 985-977. Sigurdsson, J.F. and G.H. Gudjonsson: ‘Personality characteristics of drug-dependent offenders’. In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 49-1995, pp.33-38. Sigurdsson, J.F. and G.H. Gudjonsson: ‘Illicit drug use among Icelandic prisoners prior to their imprisonment’. In: Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 6-1996, pp. 98-104. Sigurdsson, J.F. and G.H. Gudjonsson: ‘The criminal history of ‘false confessors’ and other prison inmates’. In: The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 8-1997, pp. 447-455. Junger-Tas, J: Nature and Evolution of Criminality of Young Adults. Tenth Criminological Colloquium. Theme: Young adult offenders and crime policy. Strasbourg: Council of Europe 1991. Kirby, T.: ‘Drugs at heart of crime wave among young’. The Independent, Tuesday 13 May 1993, p. 3. Martinson, R.: ‘What works? Questions and answers about prison reform’. In: The Public Interest, 35-1974, pp. 22-54. McMurran, M. and C.R. Hollin: Young Offenders and Alcohol Related Crime. A Practitioner’s Guidebook. Chichester: John Wiley. 1993. Kristmundsson, O.H.: Ólögleg ávana- og fíkniefni á Íslandi [Illicit Drugs of Habituation and Dependence in Iceland]. The Ministry of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs. Reykjavík 1985. Peters, R.H.: ‘Drug treatment in jails and detention settings’. In: J.A. Inciardi (Ed.) Drug Treatment and Criminal Justice. Sage Publications, California 1993. Thomas, G. og M. McMurran: ‘Alcohol-Related Offending in Male Special Hospital Patients’. In: Medicine, Science and the Law, 33-1993, pp. 29-32. Ødegård, E. og A. Amundsen,: ‘§ 12-soning – om effekten av å implantere behandling innenfor en straffekontekst’. I: Nordisk Alkohol- & Narkotikatidskrift,15-1998, pp. 21- 33. 138
Timo Korander, Researcher Police College PAKK, PB 13, FIN-02151 Espoo e-mail: timo.korander@krp.poliisi.mailnet.fi NSfK’s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo, Finland 1998 Speculations on the Finnish Police Murders Two policemen are shot in the centre of Helsinki. The press, tv and radio - the media - follow closely and in real time (cf. the Persian Gulf war) both the events and public reactions. It is said that never before have similar reactions been seen. Why do the police murders become such a great sensation? 1 What matters might be behind the “police murder sensation”? The dreaded model constructed by Hollywood came true You had already seen it in the movies, but only in the movies! Irrational, ruthless and unexplainable violence leaves you powerless. The emotional reaction is remarkable, and this feeling and event is symbolised by the image of the method of killing emerging on the memory’s retina: in the night in the dark street executed human bodies lying on their knees and stomachs, cowardly and cruelly shot to the back (neck). When talking about the police murders this image rose and will rise to people’s eyes. The whole narrative of the story is not insignificant. A real time crime movie The event has the elements of a thriller: a shocking and dramatic beginning (the way, time and place of killing) cannot leave people with emotions cold. 2 A nation-wide, extremely exciting, unique police operation begins, a chase, where after the first moments the hope of victory of the good is lost - after two days it seems impossible to catch the villain. And then: catharsis! The guilty one has been identified and finally apprehended. The good (the police), on whom has been attacked, acts like a victorious hero until the end (the police killer is not even battered when he is apprehended). The evil confesses, repents his acts and get his 1. Before I discuss alternative explanations, I will answer a couple of concrete questions concerning my current research project: I’ve been just about two years with police officers as a participant observationist. In the morning of the event I was leaving for Spain to attend a conference in Oniati. It crossed my mind that I could have been patrolling with the shot policemen in the night of the murders (e.g. I felt a pain in my chest). Anyway, it was not very probable, because those men did not belong to those units I was driving with. However, I knew them both by sight and I had worked with their co-workers. With those, who knew them, I have talked about their feelings. However, these reasonings have nothing to do with the matters that I want discuss with the seminar attendants next. I want to talk about, what lay behind the “police murder phenomena”, things connected with it and the consequences of it. Nevertheless, it should be said that perhaps discussing this subject is some kind of “debriefing” or therapy for me. This may explain the sarcastic rhetoric of my paper. Let us say that it is some kind of “reflective sociology” (or social psychology). Nothing is sacred to the sociologists. 2. To start speculations... What is the function of the morning news, especially from radio? You (or “normal people”) start a new day by listening is the world same place as last night, as it was before you went to sleep. Is everything out there OK? Is weather OK, is there revolution, riot or strikes, problems in traffic, anything abnormal? People are in sensitive condition when they wake up in home, aren’t they? Now everything wasn’t the same compared yesterday. The morning time concerning news is not insignificant. This kind of extreme (ultra) violence doesn’t fit to context of mornings. So it was “bad sun rising”, a morning shock, which turned daily rhythm of matters up side down: (might felt: “Don’t give me slaughters at my breakfast, please!”) The accurate time and place for violence is at night time: after nine o’clock news is the time of the entertainment of violence, enjoyment of action and violence, the acceptable time for Hollywood production. 139
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