Organised Crime & Crime Prevention - what works? - Scandinavian ...

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NSfK’s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo, Finland 1998 GenovaitëBabachinaitë, Head of the Department of Criminology Lithuanian Law Academy Ateities 20, 2057 Vilnius, Lithuania 68 Comparative Survey of Criminality in Lithuania This paper compares the main indicators of criminality in Lithuania with that of the other countries - primarily the Baltic states. The neighbouring Baltic states, Latvia and Estonia, began their independent social development from the same social conditions as Lithuania, but in a slightly different time. All three states are yet in a transitional period, so the comparison of their criminality is especially important during all the period of independent development. But before this it is important to discuss shortly the main crime indicators at the time when the three countries were still incorporated into Soviet Union, but beginning their moves towards independence. Table 1. Criminality in the Baltic Republics during 1985-1989 Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Registered crimes Lithuania 21 363 20 628 20 037 21 337 31 238 Latvia 25 303 22 307 21 502 22 991 29 676 Estonia 14 828 12 500 11 465 12 167 19 141 <strong>Crime</strong> rate per 10 000 inhabitants Lithuania 59,8 57,5 55,9 58,7 84,9 Latvia 97,6 85,3 81,4 86,2 110,6 Estonia 96,9 81,1 73,7 77,4 121,1 The period of revival in the Baltic countries began in 1988. Gorbachiov’s “perestroyka” began earlier. Limited private economic activity was then allowed, but on the basis of socialistic economy in essence. All of these and other (unmentioned here) social - economic changes have influenced on criminality in the Baltic states, which was already especially striking in statistical accounts by 1989. This is shown in table 1 where the data of registered criminality is presented. During the five years before restoring independence, as indicated in table 1, the crime level in Lithuania was constantly smaller than in the other Baltic republics. In 1985 it was 1,7 times smaller than in Latvia and Estonia, whose crime levels were approximately equal in 1985. In 1988 the crime level in Lithuania was 1,5 times smaller than in Latvia and 1,3 times smaller than in Estonia, so the gap in crime levels decreased not in Lithuania’s favour. In 1989, criminality in the Baltic republics increased significantly: in Lithuania the number of registered crimes increased by 9901, in Latvia - by 6685, and in Estonia - by 6974. So, in total numbers, the greatest increase of registered crimes was in Lithuania. According to the
NSfK’s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo, Finland 1998 comparative indicators (rate per 10.000 inhabitants) the situation is a little bit different: the crime level in Lithuania increased almost 1,5 times, in Latvia almost 1,3 times, in Estonia almost 1,6 times. Thus, the largest percentage increase in crime rates in 1989 was in Estonia; in Lithuania. Lithaunia had the second largest increase. Yet despite differences in rates of increase, Estonia had the highest crime rate in 1989 (121,1), followed by Latvia (110,6) and Lithuania (84,9). Thus, it seems that before the restoration of independence the level of criminality was smallest in Lithuania as compared with the other Baltic republics (Latvia and Estonia). Now it is urgent to examine the situation after Lithuania had restored its independence. Table 2. Criminality in the Baltic States during 1990-1996 Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Registered crimes Lithuania 37 056 44 984 56 615 60 378 58 634 60 819 68 053 Latvia 34 686 41 929 61 871 52 835 40 983 39 141 38 205 Estonia 23 807 31 748 41 254 37 163 35 739 39 570 35 411 <strong>Crime</strong> rate per 10 000 inhabitants Lithuania 99 120 151 162 158 Latvia 129 151 235 204 161 Estonia During the period of Lithuania’s independence (1990-1996 as shown in table 2), the total number of registered crimes (as compared with 1989) increased in Lithuania by 2,2 times, in Latvia by 1,3 times, in Estonia by 1,9 times. Thus, the rate of growth in the total number of registered crimes was greatest in Lithuania and smallest in Latvia. The number of registered crimes in Lithuania increased by 2,2 times, in Latvia by 1,4 times, in Estonia by 2 times. So, we can state that the crime development in Lithuania during the period of independence was very similar to that in Estonia. In Latvia the rate of growth in criminality was significantly smaller than in Lithuania and Estonia. In 1996 the crime rate in Lithuania per 10.000 was 183, in Latvia 152,2, in Estonia 240. In Lithuania the rates of crime growth during the period of independence were the greatest, but the crime level during all this time still remained significantly - by one-third - smaller than in Estonia, but became by one-fifth greater than in Latvia. 164 183 155 152 150 206 267 245 236 265 240 69
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Organised Crime & Crime Prevention
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Rådsmedlemmer: Flemming Balvig, Da
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