Organised Crime & Crime Prevention - what works? - Scandinavian ...

NSfK´s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo, Finland 1998
Figure 2 Structural Base of the Model
1.1.3 Communitarism
”The more weakened the groups to which (the individual) belongs, the less he depends on
them, the more he consequently depends only on himself and recognizes no other rules of
conduct than what are founded on his private interest.” (Durkheim: Suicide, quoted in Hirschi
1974 p.16). In modern society, the concept of group must include the social structures of the
area of residence.
”Communitarism is a condition of societies. In communitarian societies individuals are
densely enmeshed in interdependencies which have the special qualities of mutual help and
trust. The interdependencies have symbolic significance in the culture or group loyalties
which take precedence over individual interests. The interdependencies also have symbolic
significance as attachments which invoke personal obligation to others in a community of
concern, rather than simply interdependencies of convenience as between a bank and a small
depositor.” (Braithwaite 1984 p.100) Braithwaite describes Communitarism as a condition of
societies, which seems to be rather static in a given society and differ only between societies.
In this model, however, the degree of Communitarism differs not only between societies but
also between communities. Communities are seen as subject to variations caused by
differences in government presence and policies in different neighborhoods (eg social service
and policing practices). With this adaption the concept of Communitarism is included in the
model.
The level of communitarism influences, and is influenced by, individual social learning
processes, and the population characteristics of a community .
1.1.4 Media influence
The influence of media (such as papyrus rolls, television or internet) can be understood in
terms of the faith or credibility placed in a specific type, agent or publisher by consumers, the
differential exposure to news and views in individuals and communities, and the social
importance of singular media events which is closely linked to the total measure of media
supply potential. For reasons of simplicity I will restrict the examples to the medium
television. The same basic assumptions can be transposed to any kind of media.
When the media supply potential is virtually unlimited (as in cable TV) the relative credibility
(of television in general, as well as of eg a television news anchor) is diminished due to
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