Organised Crime & Crime Prevention - what works? - Scandinavian ...

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NSfK’s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo, Finland 1998 Table 2. Police registered crimes against foreign citizens in Estonia, 1997 * Finland Sweden Denmark Germany Latvia Lithuani a Serious violent crimes 3 1 - - - 1 - intentional homicide 1 - - - - 1 - assault 1 1 - - - - - rape 1 - - - - - Robbery ** 1 - - 1 2 - Public theft *** 97 10 2 5 2 1 Theft 353 66 11 14 24 9 Other 34 12 3 5 7 1 TOTAL 488 90 16 25 35 12 * Including data about foreign citizens living in Estonia ** With the use of serious violence or threat *** With the use of minor violence or threat Sources: Official statistics of the Estonian National Police Board; Surveys of the Estonian Institute for Market Research (Eesti Konjunktuuriinstituut)(EKI- TEST,1994-1997); Data on causes of death of the Statistical Office of Estonia. 60
Arija Lodzina, Researcher Criminology Research Centre Meistaru 10, 1050 Riga, Latvia e-mail: an-vilks@com.latnet.lv NSfK’s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo, Finland 1998 <strong>Crime</strong> Trends in Latvia The level of crime in Latvia has increased very rapidly in the period of 1991-92. There are several reasons for that: one is the short term improvement of crime registration. Another is that the regained freedom and democracy was understood as an allowance of arbitrary behaviour and disorder in law. Since 1993, however, the level of crime has considerably decreased (table 1). In fact, during the last 5 years crime has decreased by 40.4%. Now there is a period of stability. The crime rate per 100 000 inhabitants is rather different in the three Baltic states (table 1). To continue with the positive trends, we should mention the improving clearance rate (detection rate). In 1997, 51.4% of crime was cleared. This is the best clearance rate since 1990 in Latvia and better than that of our neighbours - Lithuania and Estonia - 42.8% and 31.7% respectively. As concerns the traditional types of crime, let’s draw our attention to the structure of crime (table 2). The proportion of serious crimes is especially high - it makes up half of all the crimes (51%). The level of intentional homicides has decreased by 40% since 1993 (table 3). However, if we sum the high number of intentional homicides with the number of bodily injuries with lethal outcomes - 176 cases (1997), the picture is not satisfying. Particular concern is caused by the increase of some forms of violent crime: intentional serious bodily injuries, aggravated injuries and aggravated injuries leading to death. The decrease of registered serious crimes mostly happened due to the fall in robberies. There was also a decrease in large scale thefts and rapes. At the same time, the number of thefts from cars and trading places increased. The number of juvenile crimes rose in 1997. In that year juveniles accounted for 19.2% of all crimes committed. It actually is a threatening problem, if we consider the age of young perpetrators (15 - 23 years). Characteristically, in the latest period, crime trends show not only quantitative, but also qualitative changes. New forms of crime are developing in the sphere of finance and economics; electronic communication systems experience different kinds of criminal manipulations, so does the public opinion - making use of absence of stable values and ideals, new non-traditional religious movements and sects gain ground, posing threat to human lives and the integrity of society. Special attention should be paid to economic crimes. Police statistics show that a great part of registered economic crime (41.6%), reflects cases of money counterfeiting. As concerns the return of damage, law enforcement agencies show extremely poor performance - only 3.5% of losses get returned. None of three Baltic States possess an effective system to face economic 61
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Organised Crime & Crime Prevention
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Rådsmedlemmer: Flemming Balvig, Da
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ISBN 87-987103-0-3
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