Organised Crime & Crime Prevention - what works? - Scandinavian ...

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NSfK’s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo, Finland 1998 The rate of violent crime is significant in the north-eastern part of Estonia (especially in Narva). The rate of property and economic crime is highest in Tallinn. According to the survey of the Estonian Institute for Market Research, 26% of the respondents or members of their family suffered because of crimes against property and against persons in 1997. The most common crimes according to the survey are as follows (% victimised during the last 12 months): 58 theft from a car - 9% theft from a garden or field - 8% pickpocketing - 6% theft from an apartment (domestic burglary) - 5% theft from a premise or summerhouse - 5% crime against person - 5% Homicide The homicide rate has increased in all of the Baltic countries during the years 1989-1994, but has decreased substantially during the last three years. The same trend appeared in Russia, where the rate has been even higher than in Estonia. During the same period no remarkable changes occured in the Central European countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary), and their homicide rate has remained at a low level in comparison to Russia and the Baltic countries. Table 1. Homicide rate per 100 000 inhabitants * Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Russia 1988 6,0 … … … … … 1989 7,9 … … … … … 1990 11,0 9,2 7,5 1,9 2,1 14,3 1991 10,8 11,4 9,0 2,5 2,5 15,3 1992 19,3 16,1 10,5 2,6 2,4 22,9 1993 25,6 24,7 12,5 2,9 1,4 30,4 1994 28,1 23,0 13,4 3,0 … … 1995 22,1 18,2 11,7 … … … 1996 19,8 15,4 9,3 … … … * According to the data on causes of death Drug-related crimes The number of registered drug-related crimes has increased in all of the Baltic countries during the 1990s. It should be noticed that the number of registered drug-related crimes is substantially influenced by police capability and activity. The level of drug-related crime is probably much higher than the official statistics show, especially in Estonia.
Figure 2. Police-registered drug-related crimes Per 100 000 inhabitants 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 NSfK’s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo, Finland 1998 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Estonia Latvia Lithuania Citizenship of offenders According to police data on known offenders, Estonian citizens have been more active in the area of economic crimes, and non-Estonian citizens (mainly immigrants) in commiting drugrelated crimes and violent crimes (homicides, rapes, robberies). In 1997, the non-Estonian citizens’ criminal activity (known offenders per 10 000 of population) was 1,4 times higher than the Estonian citizens’ (2,2 times in cases of ‘first degree crimes’ such as homicide, assaults etc). Victimisation of foreign citizens According to the police data, the most common crimes against foreign citizens have been property crimes (theft of cash, documents, valuables, etc). The number of violent crimes has been small (see table 2). The number of registered offences against foreign citizens has been relatively small and stable during the last years, although the number of tourists (especially from Finland and Sweden) has increased substantially at the same time. For example, only three serious violent crimes and one serious robbery against Finnish citizens were registered in 1997, although more than 2,5 million Finnish citizens visited Estonia in 1997. 59
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Organised Crime & Crime Prevention
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Rådsmedlemmer: Flemming Balvig, Da
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ISBN 87-987103-0-3
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NSfK’s 40. forskerseminar, Espoo,
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