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Dialogue in Pursuit of Development - Are you looking for one of ...

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approach, there have been many ef<strong>for</strong>ts to re<strong>for</strong>m the aid process. Some agencies<br />

have provided direct budget support or other non-project assistance. Particular<br />

fund<strong>in</strong>g and technical assistance agencies have periodically relocated<br />

primary responsibilities and authority <strong>for</strong> their support from headquarters to<br />

field <strong>of</strong>fices and the reverse. Procedures <strong>for</strong> propos<strong>in</strong>g and negotiat<strong>in</strong>g support<br />

arrangements, evaluat<strong>in</strong>g proposals, releas<strong>in</strong>g and us<strong>in</strong>g funds, and activity<br />

and f<strong>in</strong>ancial report<strong>in</strong>g have been modified, some many times. Organizational<br />

rearrangements, relocations <strong>of</strong> authority, and other modifications <strong>of</strong><br />

the <strong>for</strong>ms and management <strong>of</strong> the aid relationship are likely to cont<strong>in</strong>ue.<br />

In practice, the <strong>in</strong>itiative, sensitivity, responsiveness, and manner <strong>of</strong> the<br />

people <strong>in</strong>volved seem to matter more than the general approach and <strong>for</strong>mal<br />

procedures. Particular government <strong>of</strong>ficials and their agency counterparts<br />

seem to be very effective <strong>in</strong> f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g fertile ground <strong>for</strong> co-operation and <strong>in</strong><br />

develop<strong>in</strong>g strategies that achieve significant results while respect<strong>in</strong>g each<br />

government’s <strong>in</strong>terests and sovereignty. They manage to do so with<strong>in</strong> very<br />

different ways <strong>of</strong> organiz<strong>in</strong>g external support to education <strong>in</strong> Africa (<strong>for</strong><br />

example, project vs. sectoral). Other <strong>of</strong>ficials <strong>in</strong> the same roles are much less<br />

successful, no matter what the general approach.<br />

The implication here is that while there are certa<strong>in</strong>ly grounds <strong>for</strong> work<strong>in</strong>g<br />

to improve the general approach, we cannot assume that the outcomes<br />

are primarily a function <strong>of</strong> the approach adopted rather than the people<br />

<strong>in</strong>volved. Nor is it necessarily the case that problems <strong>in</strong> the past can be<br />

attributed to the <strong>in</strong>effectiveness or <strong>in</strong>appropriateness <strong>of</strong> earlier approaches.<br />

Promise and problems. Opportunities and constra<strong>in</strong>ts. The aid relationship<br />

rema<strong>in</strong>s contested terra<strong>in</strong>.<br />

Experiences from Burk<strong>in</strong>a Faso:<br />

Has coord<strong>in</strong>ation among the fund<strong>in</strong>g and technical assistance agencies and<br />

between them and the government improved? Nearly every<strong>one</strong> <strong>in</strong>terviewed,<br />

<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g both government and agency <strong>of</strong>ficials, considered the coord<strong>in</strong>ation<br />

group, then led by the Netherlands, to be very effective. Most thought<br />

that the coord<strong>in</strong>ator provided <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>med and sensitive leadership. He was<br />

both will<strong>in</strong>g to take the <strong>in</strong>itiative and at the same time rema<strong>in</strong>ed responsive<br />

to his constituencies.

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